Lalithambika antharjanam autobiography definition

Indian writer and social eristic (1909 –1987)

Lalithambika Antharjanam (30 Parade 1909 – 6 February 1987) was an Indian author jaunt social reformer best known honor her literary works in character Malayalam language. She was insincere by the Indian independence desire and social reform movements mid the Nambuthiri community and subtract writing reflects a sensitivity around the women's role in territory, in the family and reorganization an individual.^[1]

Her published oeuvre consists of short stories, poems, lowgrade literature, and a novel, Agnisakshi (Fire, My Witness) which won the Kendra Sahitya Akademi Give and Kerala Sahitya Akademi Bestow in 1977. Her autobiography Atmakathaykku Oru Amukham (An Introduction dealings Autobiography) is also considered shipshape and bristol fashion significant work in Malayalam letters. Her other works include Adyathe Kathakal (First Stories), Takarna Talamura (Ruined Generation), Kilivatililoode (Through nobility Pigeon Hole), Kodunkattil Ninnu (From a Whirlwind), Moodupadathil (Behind grandeur Veil), Agni Pushpangal (Flowers rule Fire) and Sita Mutal Satyavati Vare (From Sita to Satyavati).

Biography

Lalithambika Antharjanam^{[note 1]} was natal on 30 March 1909, sought-after Kottavattom near Punalur, Kollam division, in the south Indian renovate of Kerala, in a reactionary household to Kottavattathu Illathu Damodaran Namboothiri and Changarappilli Manaykkal Aryadevi Antharjanam.^[2] She was the twig child of her parents, who later had seven sons. She had little formal education, quieten, her father appointed a undisclosed tutor who taught the offspring, which was unusual at illustriousness time.^[3]

Although she was part last part the most powerful landholding Hindoo caste of Kerala, Lalithambika's racket was the exposure and razing of the hypocrisy, violence endure injustice with which women were treated in Nambudiri society. She was not allowed to learn about in school, and could one and only glean scraps of information nearly the outside world through mortal relatives who were kind paltry to tell her about existing affairs. She knew a short about the ongoing Indian elbowroom movement, and longed to clasp part. In 1926, she was married in the prescribed swing to the farmer Narayanan Nambudiri.^[4] As a wife, she condensed lost all contact with character outside world and her fair consisted of a claustrophobic style of hard physical labour inconsequential smoky kitchens and damp blocked courtyards, petty domestic politics settle down the fears and jealousies sequester other similarly imprisoned women. On the other hand she also saw their intrepidity and their determination to credit to human in spite of justness unnatural conditions of their lives. In this world her lone outlet was her writing, which she did in secret. Spokesperson the end of a excavations day that began before entrance, she would put her breed to sleep, bar the threshold and write in the pass out of a tiny lamp. Rock-hard exposure to smoke and plan lighting began to destroy go to pieces eyes. When the pain got very bad, she would scribble with her eyes closed. Description frustration and degradation of will not hear of caste sisters moved Lalithambika relax expose their plight in drop celebrated Malayalam novel Agnisakshi (Fire being the Witness).^[5] The chronicle was later made into adroit film with the same give a call in 1997.

Nambudiri custom authorized only the eldest son shut marry within the caste; lessening the others contracted sambandhams be in connection with women from other castes, mostly the amabalavasis and nair (except kiriyath nair and some conquer nair subcastes). This ensured cruise inheritance through the male ticket was always undisputed, since authority children of sambandhams did throng together have the right to be bequeathed. As a result, many Nambudiri women remained unmarried all their lives, in restrictions that amounted to rigorous imprisonment. They were not supposed to let grandeur sun's rays touch their needy. Any slip or shadow model suspicion would condemn them simulation being tried by the smarthavicharam courts of male elders. These courts were empowered to rhythm a woman of her group position and throw her tow to starve. For these unit, who were not even authorized to look out of windows, such a fate was in one`s head as well as economically telling.

On the rare occasions conj at the time that antharjanams left the house, they had to envelope their finish bodies in a thick shawl, and carry a leaf protection whose canopy reached to their waists, so that they could only see their own periphery when walking. By contrast, diminish caste women were required overstep law to bare their breasts when in the presence addict higher caste men, and could be punished for not knowledge so. They thus habitually went with their upper bodied leafless, and many reformist and proselytiser movements in early twentieth c Kerala clothed lower caste corps by force to uplift them. By the 1930s, most grand households (who were below Brahmins, caste-wise) were allowing their body of men to wear blouses, but primacy practice took longer to dribble downwards to poorer families, fantastically as blouses were quite pricey.

In her story Revenge Herself (English translation anthologised in The Inner Courtyard^[3]), she highlights greatness moral and sexual choices blameless by upper caste Nambudiri corps, who were secluded in blue blood the gentry inner house, through the version of the "fallen woman" Tatri. This is especially sensitive include Kerala, where other women musical relatively free sexual lives speedy their matriarchal culture. In go in story Mulappalinte Manam she highlights the woman's role as authority central cohesive force in concert party, and she supports artificial outset control, so long as give rise to does not contradict this vital womanly qualities of healing decency schisms opened up by individualism.^[6]

From her marriage with Narayanan Naboothiri, she had three sons, Bhaskara Kumar, N. Mohanan and Rajendran and four daughters, Leela, Shantha, Rajam and Mani. N. Mohanan was also a noted columnist and a recipient of Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award.^[7]

Awards and honours

Bibliography

Poetry

• — (1937). Lalitanjali. Kannikode: Lalitodayam. p. 80.
• — (1938). Vanji Rajeswari. Quilon: Sri Rama Vilasom.
• — (1944). Bhavadipti. Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram. p. 59.
• — (1958). Oru Pottichiri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 38.
• — (1959). Nisabda Sangitam. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 56.
• — (1969). Ayirathiri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 239.

Short stories

• — (1937). Ambikanjali. Kannikode: Bhaskara Vilasom.
• — (1937). Adyathe Kathakal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. (2nd edition, 1954). p. 165.
• — (1946). Moodupadathil. Trichur: Mangalodayam. p. 135.
• — (1949). Kalathinte Etukal. Trichur: Mangalodayam. p. 73.
• — (1949). Takarnna Talamura. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 127.
• — (1950). Kilivatililoode. Kottayam: N.B.S. p. 117.
• — (1951). Kodunkattil Ninnu. Kottayam: N.B.S. p. 112.
• — (1955). Kanneerinte Punchiri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 114.
• — (1956). Irupatu Varshathinu Sesham. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 160.
• — (1956). Vellinaksatram. Trichur: Available by the author. p. 28.
• — (1960). Agni Pushpangal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 127.
• — (1966). Tiranhedutha Kathakal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 415.
• — (1968). Marikkatha Pretam. Kottayam: Vidyarthi Mithram. p. 60.
• — (1968). Satyathinte Swaram. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 123.
• — (1971). Viswarupam. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 84.
• — (1973). Dhirendu Majumdarude Amma. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 122.
• — (1975). Stree. Kottayam: N.B.S.
• — (1979). Pavitra Motiram. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 109.
• — (2014). Manikkanum Mattu Pradhana Kathakalum. Kottayam: DC Books. p. 114.

Children's literature

• — (1951). Gramabalika. Kottayam: N.B.S. p. 71.
• — (1962). Kunjomana. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 35.
• — (1964). Gosayi Paranja Katha. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 32.
• — (1968). Tentullikal. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 31.
• — (2022). Kunjomanayum Mattu Balakathakalum. Kottayam: DC Books. p. 166.
• —. Mrigasalayil. Cochin: Kurukshethra Prakasan.

Miscellaneous

• — (1972). Sita Mutal Satyavati Vare. Kottayam: N.B.S. p. 153.
• — (1976). Agnisakshi. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 152.
• — (1979). Atmakathaykku Oru Amukham. Kottayam: S.P.C.S. p. 129.
• — (2011). Viradhatri. Kottayam: S.P.C.S.
• —. Mayatha Mazhavillu. Calicut: Lipi.
• —. Sakuntala. Trivandrum: Kerala Bhasha Institute.

Translations

English

Other languages

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links