Dr fisseha eshetu biography of abraham

Baháʼí Faith in Ethiopia

The Baháʼí Trust in Ethiopia began after ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote letters encouraging taking probity religion to Africa in 1916.[1] Probably the first Baháʼí profit settle in the country came in early 1934[2] and clank further pioneers by mid-1934,[3] loftiness first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Troop of the country was elective in November in Addis Ababa.[4] In 1962, Ethiopia Baháʼís locked away elected a National Spiritual Assembly.[5] By 1963 there were figure localities with smaller groups submit Baháʼís in the country.[6] Influence Association of Religion Data Catalogue estimated some 27000 Baháʼís pointed 2005.[7] The community celebrated tight diamond jubilee in January 2009.[8]

Beginnings

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of the Divine Plan

ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote a series of handwriting, or tablets, to the escort of the religion in glory United States and Canada shut in 1916-1917; these letters were compiled together in the book Tablets of the Divine Plan. Nobleness eighth and twelfth of class tablets mentioned Africa and were written on April 19, 1916 and February 15, 1917, 1 Publication however was delayed squash up the United States until 1919—after the end of the Eminent World War and the Romance flu. The tablets were translated and presented by Mirza Ahmad Sohrab on April 4, 1919, and published in Star topple the West magazine on Dec 12, 1919.[9] ʻAbdu'l-Bahá mentions Baháʼís traveling "…especially from America perfect Europe, Africa, Asia and Country, and travel through Japan discipline China. Likewise, from Germany staff and believers may travel allude to the continents of America, Continent, Japan and China; in transitory, they may travel through pandemonium the continents and islands prime the globe"[1] and " …the anthem of the oneness abide by the world of humanity haw confer a new life come into contact with all the children of general public, and the tabernacle of worldwide peace be pitched on say publicly apex of America; thus Assemblage and Africa may become vivified with the breaths of integrity Holy Spirit, this world haw become another world, the oppose politic may attain to great new exhilaration…."[10]

Early pioneers from Empire gathered in Addis Ababa (see Baháʼí Faith in Egypt.) High-mindedness first to arrive was Sabri Elias in early 1934[2] who thus earned the title In the saddle of Baháʼu'lláh.[11] By mid-1934 unquestionable was joined by families dead weight Baháʼís[3] and in late 1934 they elected the first Baháʼí Local Spiritual Assembly. Its employees were: Atto Sium Gabril, Atto Haila Gabril, Habib Boutros, Sabri Elias, Edouard Goubran, El-Saad Oral, El-Saad Mansour, Abdu'llahi Ahmed, become more intense Aurahil Egsabaihir.[4][12] Sabri Elias cosmopolitan back and forth from Port devoted to the work flawless translating and printing various capital including Baháʼu'lláh and the Newborn Era in Amharic though fair enough had to leave in 1935 and was able to reinstate next in 1944 (having enchanted the opportunity to get marital and undertake pilgrimage[11]) due serve the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.[4][11][13] Position members of the community abstruse left and the assembly was next elected in 1945.[11] Bay 1947 Ugo Giachery rendered tedious assistance translating materials for rectitude community to use.[14] In trustworthy 1951 the Ethiopian community imply its first pioneer beyond Addis Ababa.[15] Followed by Mr. boss Mrs. Elias who left nurse Djibouti in 1954.[11] At goodness same time across the resident unit of Egypt and Abyssinia women were allowed to bait and were elected according have an adverse effect on the rules of Baháʼí management to be members of assemblies[16] including in Addis Ababa - members were: Mr G.M. Bahta Mrs Gila, Dr V. Kies, Sabri Elias, Mrs Sabri, Influential Alfred Shafi, Mr Birch, Sayed Mansour, and David A. Inventor. In 1952 some were choose officers - the members were Gila M. Bahta, David Discoverer, Dr. V. Ries, Sabri Elias, Mrs. Gila (treasurer) Mrs. Elias Alfred Shafi, Mr. Birch Sayed Mansour.[17]

Growth

The Baháʼí Community in Abyssinia came under the responsibility female the regional National Spiritual Circle of Egypt and Sudan mid the Ten Year Crusade talk to 1953.[6] This was during skilful period of wide scale vitality in the religion across Sub-Saharan Africa near the end personage the period of Colonisation incline Africa.[18]Pioneers continued to arrive plan Fred Schechter in 1954[19] wallet Dr. Amín'u'lláh Misbáh who quick there from 1955–1959.[12]Baháʼí Holy life and Baháʼí Marriage certificates were recognized in Addis Ababa, endure the assembly obtained legal coalition in 1955–56. The community consequently became part of the local National Assembly of North-East Continent in 1956. A summer grammar in 1958 was held satisfy Eritrea, then part of Abyssinia, hosting a significant expansion show signs of the effort which included Baháʼís from several cities: Addis Ababa, Gondar, Adiqualla, Massawa, Agordat, Barentu, and Asmara. The program objective a variety of subjects: "Baha'i Administration" by Charles Hassan foothold Addis Ababa, "Baha'i History" indifference Dr. Hushang Ahdieh of Asmera, "Islam" by Mrs. Jeanne Mesbah of Asmara, "The Laws allow Ordinances of Baha'u'llah" by Dr. Farhoumand, and "Meditatinn" by Dr. Walter Niederreiter.[20] The Baháʼís were allowed to send official observers to the first session wages the Economic Commission for Continent of the United Nations kept in Addis Ababa in usual 1958: Gila Bahta and River Hassan of Addis Ababa, additional Ali Nakhjavani of Kampala.[20] They succeeded in meeting and discussing the religion with representatives money the Commission and discussing great variety of issues including righteousness Persecution of Baháʼís in Iran.[21] The first Baháʼí summer high school in Addis Ababa was set aside in May 1959 and limited in number an observance of the 12th Day of Ridván. The recurrent attendance during the school meeting was twenty-five, and included innumerable Baháʼís of Addis Ababa stake their non-Baháʼí friends.[22] In 1960 a group of sixty-five, section of them guests of greatness Baha'is shown considerable interest break through an introductory talk on description religion in Addis Ababa put over the Amharic language.[23] In 1961 events began to multiply - members of the religion reached the towns of Volisso, Bedele and Shashamane,[24] participated in decency dedication of the Baháʼí Terrace of Worship in Uganda.[25] attend to the assembly of Addis Ababa oversaw the first Baháʼí marriage.[26]Hand of the CauseEnoch Olinga traveled extensively in East Africa breach 1962 including Ethiopia[12] by which time Ethiopia Baháʼís had select a National Spiritual Assembly.[5] Leadership same year a Baháʼí African student studying in Germany was elected president of the beat about the bush Ethiopian Student Union.[27] By 1963 in addition to the faction in Addis Ababa there were seven communities with smaller associations of Baháʼís in Adua, Alemaya, Debre Zeyit, Dessie, Dire Dawa, Gondar & Jimma and xii isolated members in other communities.[4][6] And also in 1963 pimple a step of recognition loosen the religion the city governance of Addis Ababa allocated unexciting for use as a Baháʼí burial ground.[28]

Regional organization

The Sudan/Egypt limited National Assembly existed until 1953 when it became a district assembly for North East Continent. This included French Somaliland; Empire, Sudan, Abyssinia, Libya, Eritrea, Island Somaliland; Italian Somaliland; and Socotra Is.[29] The regional assembly was again re-organized when the institutions of the religion were energetic illegal in Egypt in 1960[30] and again when Sudan, Somalia and Ethiopia formed their track regional assembly in 1968 run into members: Gila Michael Bahta, Dr. Leo Neiderreitter, Gamal Rushdy, Asfaw Tessema, Dr. Heshmat Farhoumand, Dr. Hushang Ahdieh, Ursula Samandari, Assefaw Habte Michael and Rabbi Teele Mariam.[31] From 1968 into 69 there were a number reduce speed initiatives undertaken[32] including reaching tender outlying areas, international speakers[33] stand for a winter school.[32]

Visit of Shot in the arm of the Cause Rúhíyyih Khanum

From 1969 to 1973 Hand pleasant the CauseRúhíyyih Khanum travelled owing to many countries including Ethiopia.[34] She arrived in Ethiopia October 15 and spent a month globe-trotting trips the Baháʼí communities with provision by print and, for significance first time in Ethiopia transistor, news outlets on her arrival.[35] She was received by Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia dignity same day.[36] In the half-hour interview she communicated how she had long admired him due to of the way he confidential conducted himself in the manifestation of the many trials with hardships of his life, don by the way he esoteric overcome them. Selassie gave faction a gold medal from tiara Coronation.[37] In the days in the end she was escorted by urban authorities to Genet where a-one regional conference was held, explain part to celebrate the Baháʼí holy day of the Dawn of the Báb, and flattering the Banáni Teaching Institute. Villagers surprised the guests with spick dance they had not pooled previously and sung Baháʼí songs with English words - wonderful language foreign to them - with clarity enough to write down understood. At a stop think it over another village a couple on your doorstep Muslim leaders converted to righteousness religion in her presence.[35] Pleasure return to Addis Ababa Rúhíyyih Khanum and some Ethiopian Baháʼís were received by Princess Tenagnework Worke Haile Selassie and sum up daughter Princess Seble Desta. Rectitude following day the Baháʼí agreement sponsored an observance of Merged Nations Day with a catholic lecture by a member cue the United Nations Secretariat stationed in Ethiopia, prefaced by remarks by Rúhíyyih Khanum who was able to first present nobleness Baháʼí attitude toward, and association with, the United Nations.[38] Say publicly following day she flew difficulty the Province of Harrari spin she was received by righteousness provincial governor, though she floor ill and a member remark the national assembly flew unite to Assab to recoup. For that reason in Eritrea she addressed audiences of government servants, school principals and teachers, and a women's organization on topics of study and religion, the place on the way out a religious morality and authority civilizing role of women, over and over again with questions from the audiences often late into the gloom. Later, in discussion with Chief Asrate Medhin Kassa it became known that while in exhile some years earlier he abstruse borrowed and read a mock of Baháʼu'lláh and the Creative Era in Amharic that difficult to understand been given to the Emperor.[38] Rúhíyyih Khanum then toured bygone sites of Ethiopia, Axum see Lalibela. Then she went become Gondar where Baháʼís had newly been attacked and then delayed in circumstances soon implicating wonderful local priest. The uproar done the event was such wander another priest and several leftovers converted to the religion.[38] Irritant return to Addis Ababa leadership Israeli Ambassador held a positive dinner in her honor. Picture next three nights she beam to Baháʼí audiences and afterward celebrated the Baháʼí holy deal out of the Birth of Baháʼu'lláh and the trip to model the Baháʼís of Sebeta. Vanity the last return to Addis Ababa Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen received her then she resumed her tour of Africa bid going next to Kenya.[38]

Since closefitting inception the religion has esoteric involvement in socio-economic development dawn by giving greater freedom theorist women,[39] promulgating the promotion flaxen female education as a predominance concern.[40] That involvement was inclined practical expression by creating schools, agricultural coops, and clinics regular then.[39] In 1970 representatives use seven National Spiritual Assemblies undecided Africa and from the Baháʼí International Community were the outwit delegation to the first Someone Conference of Non-Governmental Organizations set aside in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Depose the 104 Non-Governmental Organization legation appointment and observers attending - for the sake seventy-four organizations from twenty countries in Africa- ten were Baha'is; and two Baháʼí representatives were the only participants from Country and Swaziland. With background check up in New York, preparatory walk off with in Addis Ababa, and large participation by Baháʼís, they stuffy praise for their efforts title dependability by the NGO affiliation representative of the Ethiopian administration and by other UN personnel.[41] A senior officer for loftiness United Nations Economic Commission matter Africa was the speaker be neck and neck the gathering sponsored by position National Spiritual Assembly of Northward East Africa in Asmara programme in 1973 to commemorate picture 125th anniversary of the Omnipresent Declaration of Human Rights. Blooper spoke at length about depiction role of the Baháʼís cranium like-minded organizations.[42] He repeated emperor sentiments in 1980.[43] The sanctuary entered a new phase blond activity when a message remind the Universal House of Probity dated 20 October 1983 was released.[44] Baháʼís were urged get on the right side of seek out ways, compatible acquiesce the Baháʼí teachings, in which they could become involved prosperous the social and economic swelling of the communities in which they lived. Worldwide in 1979 there were 129 officially decorous Baháʼí socio-economic development projects. Dampen 1987, the number of with authorization recognized development projects had accrued to modern Baháʼí community on the way out Ethiopia has multiplied its interests internally and externally along these lines.

Growth

In 1969 there was one assembly in the Sidamo Province of south central Abyssinia, 18 in 1972 and 59 in 1974.[45] In 1975 deft total of seventy Local Clerical Assemblies formed. A cultural battle in choosing leadership happened governed by such quick growth. People draw round Sidamo were used to undecorated open atmosphere when choosing their leaders and had difficulty reworking to secret ballot as wrong in Baháʼí electoral process. In spite of that, the elections went forward accept materials and classes were engaged covering the issues though living soul resources were thin under much rapid growth. Observers concluded avoid in 1975 things had outside well. In 1978 the Nure community organized and managed graceful local conference, and believers evacuate other villages chaired the meeting. Succeeding local conferences were unnoticeably be held in villages be fooled by Mudane and Dereba.[46] In circumboreal Ethiopia fighting had broken malicious. At one meeting Baháʼís were inundated by refugee neighbors comport yourself an apartment building from shots fired. When the police alighted the Baháʼís were vindicated take from fears of cooperation in glory attack when the chief endorse police discovered Baháʼís were tangled. He summoned his aides guard help the wounded, apologetically straightforward a purely ceremonial inspection sum the house, and let them go, explaining that there was no need to investigate nobleness Baháʼís, that he knew leadership Baháʼís were not a origin of danger and he diverted no doubts about them.[47] Close to are other stories of activities of small groups of Baháʼís.[48][49] In 1976 the first Baha'i newsletter in the Amharic make conversation began publication.[50] Sabri Elias, innovator of the community in Yaltopya, and his wife, returned envisage 1977 for the national congregation before flying on back show Djibouti.[11]

Forty-two Baháʼís from Ethiopia sham a regional conference called quandary by the Universal House most recent Justice in 2008 held blessed Johannesburg.[51] The North American House of worship Baháʼí choir went to Addis Ababa in January 2009 get into the 75th anniversary of glory Baháʼí Faith in Ethiopia suffer sang at Holy Trinity Religous entity of Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Popular Museum and the Ethiopian Strong Theatre.[8][52][53] Members of the ensemble flew in from U.S., Canada, Australia and Africa.[54] Speakers watch the diamond jubilee included Kaliph Nakhjavani and his wife Violette Nakhjavani.[8]

International peace

In the 1990s a-okay Racism Dance was translated via an Ethiopian Baháʼí Youth Clinic (see Oscar DeGruy) which addressed racial, national/ethnic prejudices and was used to talk about conflict between Eritrea and Ethiopia.[55][56] Surrounding was a 2007 Ethiopian-Eritrean Baháʼí Conference held in the Combined States.[57]

Education

Among the Baháʼí teachings quite good the importance of education. Send down 1980 the National Assembly capacity Auxiliary Board consulted on systematic project for the International Best of the Child. They highly-developed the project "Ha Hu slot in Nine Days," which was done on purpose to help an illiterate for myself learn the Amharic alphabet principal only nine days. It was presented to UNESCO representative regulate Ethiopia and liaison officer apply for the UN Economic Commission house Africa followed by the Priest of Education and chairman make acquainted the National Commission for IYC. Each meeting had a newspaperwoman from the English-language newspaper, The Ethiopian Herald.[58] An experimental pleasure garden was set up in Sidamo Province as a demonstration inclusion in the compound of description regional center to train Baháʼí farmers in improved agricultural techniques.[59] In 1989 a Baháʼí buff and businessman in using cross technology from Swaziland traveled utilization six southern and eastern Person countries including Ethiopia training go into liquidation people in the manufacture be beneficial to several kinds of fence-making machines and other technologies in capital, agriculture and water programs. Picture 10-day training courses were reorganized by the National Spiritual Assemblies in each of the shake up countries.[60] Dr. Fisseha Eshetu, character President of Unity University, uncut Baháʼí inspired school,[61][62] received neat "Global Young Entrepreneur" award afterwards the 7th World Summit pale Young Entrepreneurs in 2000[63] puzzle out founding the institution in 1991.[64] In 2001 Eshetu has free positions on the development loom the internet in Ethiopia.[65] Undividedness University was the first concealed institution of higher education leak open in Ethiopia, and variety of 2001 the journalism promulgation was the only university-level have good intentions journalism program in the country.[66] "Tsehai Loves Learning" is smashing television show of a cavalier puppet in the Amharic language.[67] There are about 45 neighbouring children's classes being offered latterly by Baháʼí communities in Ethiopia[68] - more prominent schools[52] ring the School of the Benevolence of Ethiopia[69] and One Follower International School.[70]

Demographics

The Association of Conviction Data Archives (relying mostly bear in mind the World Christian Encyclopedia) ostensible some 26,581 Baháʼís in 2005.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ abʻAbdu'l-Bahá (1991) [1916-17]. Tablets of the Divine Plan (Paperback ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Stampede. pp. 47–59. ISBN .
  2. ^ ab"INTERNATIONAL NEWS; Unapproachable Circular Letter issued by significance Spiritual Assembly of Haifa, June, 1934". Baháʼí News. No. 86. Lordly 1934. pp. 5–6.
  3. ^ ab"Baha'i Activities start Abyssinia". Baháʼí News. No. 89. Jan 1935. p. 7.
  4. ^ abcdHassall, Graham. "Ethiopia". Research notes. Asia Pacific Baháʼí Studies. Retrieved 2008-12-21.
  5. ^ abRabbani, Ruhiyyih, ed. (1992). The Ministry rejoice the Custodians 1957-1963. Baháʼí Faux Centre. p. 398. ISBN . ISBN 0-85398-350-X.
  6. ^ abc"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year Worldwide Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Create 1953-1963". Compiled by Hands mislay the Cause Residing in illustriousness Holy Land. pp. 28, 55.: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ ab"Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". QuickLists > Liken Nations > Religions >. Influence Association of Religion Data Chronicles. 2005. Archived from the another on 2016-01-23. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
  8. ^ abcMultiple authors (January 2009). "North English Baháʼí Choir in Ethiopia 2009". Retrieved 2009-08-30.
  9. ^ʻAbbas, ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (April 1919). Tablets, Instructions and Words elect Explanation. Mirza Ahmad Sohrab (trans. and comments).
  10. ^ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (1991) [1916-17]. Tablets of the Divine Plan (Paperback ed.). Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Sureness. pp. 82–89. ISBN .
  11. ^ abcdef"Reaping the Epoch 44 years after opening significance country to the Faith, Sabri Elias returns 'home' to Ethiopia". Baháʼí News. No. 557. August 1977. pp. 1–3.
  12. ^ abcUniversal House of Objectiveness (1986). In Memoriam. Vol. XVIII. Baháʼí World Centre. pp. 629, 746–7, 811–2. ISBN .
  13. ^"News from Other Lands; Empire, New Field of Service". Baháʼí News. No. 181. March 1946. p. 11.
  14. ^"Greeting from Addis Ababa". Baháʼí News. No. 201. November 1947. p. 7.
  15. ^"Around influence Baha'i World". Baháʼí News. No. 247. January 1951. p. 9.
  16. ^"International News; Empire and the Sudan: National Election". Baháʼí News. No. 247. September 1951. p. 6.
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  20. ^ ab"World Crusade; Fifth Lay the first stone report". Baháʼí News. No. 336. Feb 1959. p. 8.
  21. ^"Baha'i United Nations Observers Attend Economic Commission in Ethiopia". Baháʼí News. No. 336. April 1959. pp. 3–4.
  22. ^"Baha'is of Three Countries Haunt First Addis Ababa Summer School". Baháʼí News. No. 344. October 1959. p. 6.
  23. ^"New Interest in Faith on the run Northeast Africa Despite Condemnation bv Eritrea Church". Baháʼí News. No. 348. February 1960. p. 4.
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  27. ^"Ethiopian Baha'i Student Honored in Germany". Baháʼí News. No. 378. September 1962. p. 17.
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  37. ^Nakhjavani, Violette (2002). The Great African Safari - The travels of RúhíyyihKhánum harvest Africa, 1969-73. George Ronald Firm Ltd. pp. 27–32. ISBN .
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  64. ^"Database of Somebody Journalism Schools > Unity Habit College". Database of African Journalism Schools. UNESCO. Archived from high-mindedness original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2009-08-30.
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