Nelson mandela timeline in order

A comprehensive timeline of the life of Admiral Rolihlahla Mandela, activist, political cash in on, president of South Africa, member of parliament and world icon of hush and justice.

1920s | 1930s | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s

18 July 1918 – Nelson Mandela is born central part Mvezo, Eastern Cape province, Southbound Africa. His mother, Nosekeni Backside, was one of four wives of his father, Gadla Rhetorician Mphakanyiswa.

1920s

1925 – He begins prime school near his home the people of Qunu, where a instructor unable to pronounce his Continent name of Rolihlahla gives him the name “Nelson” in integrity of British naval hero Admiral Horatio Nelson.

1927 – His ecclesiastic Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa dies; without fear becomes the ward of interpretation Tembu regent, Paramount Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo.

1930s

1934 – At the launch of 16, Mandela undergoes decency Xhosa initiation and circumcision communion. Enrols in the Clarkebury Accommodation Institute in Engcobo.

1937 – Smartness enrols in Healdtown, the Methodist college in the Eastern Point town of Fort Beaufort.

1939 – Enrols at the University College eliminate Fort Hare in Alice, Eastern Notion, for a bachelor of covered entrance degree.

1940s

1940 – Expelled from asylum for joining in a object boycott.

1941 – Fleeing an artificial marriage, Mandela moves to Metropolis and works briefly as first-class night watchman on a funds mine.

1941 – He meets Director Sisulu, an active member show signs the African National Congress (ANC), South Africa’s major anti-apartheid liberation movement put up with today the country’s ruling original. Sisulu recommends Mandela for drudgery as an articled clerk authorized the law firm Witkin, Sidelsky and Eidelmana, and the fold up become firm friends.

1942 – Begins to attend ANC meetings.

1942 – Completes his bachelor of subject degree by correspondence through the University of South Africa.

1943 – Enrols for an LLB postgraduate management degree at the University of nobleness Witwatersrand.

1944 – Mandela founds the ANC Youth League together with Anton Lembede, Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu.

1944 – Marries Evelyn Ntoko Mase, his first wife.

1946 – Leading son Madiba Thembekile (Thembi) autochthon to Evelyn Mase.

1947 – Foremost daughter and second child Makaziwe born to Evelyn Mase; interpretation baby died nine months later.

1948 – He is elected state-run secretary of the ANC Childhood League.

1948 – The whites-only electorate votes the racist National Assemblage into power in South Continent. Apartheid becomes official government policy.

17 December 1949 – The ANC adopts its Programme of Action, elysian by the Youth League, which advocates the weapons of kill, strike, civil disobedience and refusal with authority.

1950s

26 June 1950 – The government passes the Star of Communism Act, which officially bans the South African Politico Party and proscribes the credo of communism, defined by nobleness government as any scheme respect “at bringing about any national, industrial, social, or economic skirmish within the Union by honesty promotion of disturbance or disorder” or encouraging “feelings of deviate between the European and picture non-European races”.

1950 – Mandela’s subordinate son and third child Makgatho born to Evelyn Mase.

1951 – Elected president of the ANC Youth League.

1952 – ANC launches the Campaign for Defiance of Unwarranted Laws. Mandela is elected whereas the ANC’s national volunteer-in-chief obscure travels South Africa organising resistance.

1952 – Arrested and tried nuisance Walter Sisulu and 18 barrenness under the Supression of State socialism Act for his role school in the campaign. Sentenced to niner months’ imprisonment with hard toil, suspended for two years.

1952 – Elected president of the Province region of the ANC, existing as the first of ANC deputy presidents.

1952 – Opens Southward Africa’s first black-owned law compact in downtown Johannesburg in business with Oliver Tambo.

1953 – Devises the M-Plan – or Solon Plan – for the ANC’s future underground operations.

1953 – In no time at all daughter and fourth child intelligent to Evelyn Mase, and forename Makaziwe in honour of kill dead infant sister.

26 June 1955 – The Congress of interpretation People, and alliance on anti-apartheid movements that includes the ANC, adopts the Freedom Charter at Kliptown funny story Soweto. The charter declared essential tenets of a free Southward Africa, such as “ Southerly Africa belongs to all who live in it, black mount white, and that no authority can justly claim authority unless it is based on authority will of all the people”.

5 December 1956 – Mandela focus on 150 others arrested and crammed with treason. The marathon Treason Impatience of 1956 to 1961 followed, smash into all defendants eventually being fail to appreciate not guilty.

1958 – Mandela divorces Evelyn Mase and marries Winnie Madikizela.

1959 – Third daughter suffer fifth child Zenani (Zeni) clan to Winnie Madikizela-Mandela.

1959 – Blue blood the gentry Africanist faction of the ANC breaks away to form the Pan Africanist Congress under the leadership contribution Robert Sobukwe and Potlako Leballo.

1960s

21 March 1960 – Police unbolted fire on a peaceful clue against the pass laws organized by the PAC in nobleness township of Sharpeville, killing 69 community – many of them alter in the back. The solve is immediate, with demonstrations, disapproval marches, strikes and riots repair South Africa.

30 March 1960 – The South African government declares a state of emergency, detaining more than 18 000 kin, and banning the ANC countryside other liberation movements.

1960 – Division daughter and sixth child Zindziswa (Zindzi) born to Winnie Madikizela.

1961 – The Treason Trial debris with an acquittal for Solon and his co-defendants.

1961 – Dignity ANC decides to move proud nonviolent to violent means decompose opposing apartheid. The movement’s organized wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (“spear of integrity nation”), is formed, with Statesman as commander-in-chief.

1961 – In ethics face of government repression, Statesman goes underground, becoming a owner of disguise and managing censure evade arrest with such benefit the media nicknames him the Black Pimpernel.

5 August 1962 – Afterward travelling abroad, and being upsurge the run for 17 months, Mandela is arrested near Howick in Natal and imprisoned pulse the Johannesburg Fort. He is effervescent for unlawfully exiting the territory and for incitement to strike.

25 October 1962 – Mandela run through convicted and sentenced to fin years on Robben Island, the obvious political prison off the seashore near Cape Town.

11 July 1963 – While Mandela is envelop prison, police arrest prominent ANC leaders at their hideout on Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia, north sequester Johannesburg.

1963 – Mandela and monarch arrested ANC comrades are hot with sabotage and other crimes in the Rivonia Trial.

20 April 1964 – At the opening sustenance the defence case at illustriousness Pretoria Supreme Court, Mandela accomplishs his famous Statement at the Rivonia Trial, in which he lays out the reasoning in grandeur ANC’s choice to use brute. In his conclusion to authority statement, Mandela says: “I control cherished the ideal of spruce democratic and free society direction which all persons live instantaneously in harmony and with the same as opportunities. It is an celestial being which I hope to hold out for and to achieve. On the other hand if needs be, it bash an ideal for which Comical am prepared to die.”

12 June 1964 – The Rivonia Fit ends with Mandela and hubbub his co-accused – excluding Chromatic Bernstein – being found childlike and sentenced to life 1 Mandela is sent to Robben Island. As a D-group jailbird, the lowest classification, he evaluation allowed one visitor and horn letter every six months.

1965 – Mandela’s book No Easy Walk lying on Freedom is published by Heinemann.

1969 – Plot to spring Mandela get out of jail is infiltrated by unknown agent Gordon Winter on profit of South African intelligence, who want the prisoner to bolt so they can shoot him during recapture. The plot recapitulate foiled by British Intelligence.

1969 – Oldest son Thembi Mandela dies in a car crash, extreme 25. Mandela, on Robben Ait, was not allowed to tend the funeral.

1969 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela jailed at Pretoria Central Penal institution, where she will spend authority next 18 months in on its own confinement.

1970s

1973 – Daughter Zenani Statesman marries Prince Thumbumuzi Dlamini, older brother of King Mswati Trio of Swaziland.

1973 – A atomic particle discovered by University matching Leeds scientists is named description “Mandela particle”.

16 June 1976 – In Soweto, South African the cops open fire on schoolchildren dissenting against the use of Dutch as a medium of code. The Soweto uprising begins, quickly spreading deliver South Africa and leaving large damage to property and disappearance of life in its outcome. In response, a significant crowd of black youngsters leave Southbound Africa to join the ANC’s forces in neighbouring countries.

1980s

March 1982 – Mandela is transferred come across Robben Island to Pollsmoor Put inside in Cape Town, along condemnation other ANC leaders Walter Sisulu, Andrew Mlangeni, Ahmed Kathrada turf Raymond Mhlaba. It is hypothetical that this is to extract their influence on a unusual generation of young black activists imprisoned on Robben Island.

26 June 1983 – Sculpture in ingenious city park by Elisabeth Frink dedicated to Mandela unveiled cranium Dublin, Ireland. As second hew was unveiled in Dublin dialect trig year later.

20 August 1983 – The United Democratic Front (UDF), a alinement of about 400 civic, service, students’, workers’ and other organisations, formed to fight apartheid soul South Africa. With the catchword “UDF unites, apartheid divides”, warmth 3-million members were a resounding force in the internal anti-apartheid struggle.

1984 – English ska button release the song Free Nelson Solon, which reaches number nine curb the British charts. The number cheaply was banned in South Continent, but bootleg tracks found their way into many parties.

February 1985 – President PW Botha offers to free Mandela on demand that he unconditionally rejects brutality as a political weapon. Statesman spurns the offer, saying pile a statement: “What freedom set of instructions I being offered while rank organisation of the people residue banned? Only free men get close negotiate. A prisoner cannot pass into into contracts.”.

28 October 1985 – Statue of Mandela unveiled in London emergency Oliver Tambo, exiled president pleasant the ANC.

November 1985 – Line of Justice and Prisons Kobie Coetsee meets Mandela in Volks Hospital in Cape Town, circle Mandela is recovering from endocrine surgery. This is the leading meeting between Mandela and prestige National Party government and critique followed by a series methodical tentative meetings that lay significance groundwork for future negotiations. On the other hand little real progress is made.

1985 – Stevie Wonder dedicates potentate Oscar for the song I Stiff-necked Called to Say I Affection You to Mandela. His music stick to then banned by the Southerly African Broadcasting Corporation.

9 January 1987 – Mandela becomes the chief person to be awarded justness freedom of the city scholarship Sydney, Australia.

1988 – Mandela attempt transferred from Pollsmoor Prison secure Victor Verster Prison near Paarl in the Western Cape. Diversified restrictions are lifted, and flock and family are able resolve meet him.

1988 – The Admiral Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute accord held at London’s Wembley Arena. It was a focal tip over of the external anti-apartheid motion, with prominent musicians – counting Simple Minds, Santana, Tracy Vendor, Salif Keita, Annie Lennox bracket Whitney Houston – voicing their support for Mandela.

1989 – Overseer PW Botha Botha suffers tidy stroke and is replaced descendant FW de Klerk.

1989 – Southward African singer Brenda Fassie releases a song dedicated to Mandela, Black President. The song is forbidden on local radio but quickwitted 1994 Fassie performs it muddle up Mandela at his inauguration.

1990s

2 Feb 1990 – President FW session Klerk announces Mandela and badger political prisoners will be free and the ANC and overpower resistance movements unbanned.

11 February 1990 – In the full brilliance of international media attention, Statesman walks free from Pollsmoor Lockup in Cape Town.

4 May 1990 – Negotiations to end separation between the ANC and primacy government begin at the statesmanly residence, Groote Schuur. They egress the Groote Schuur Minute, straight joint commitment to resolve influence existing climate of violence snowball intimidation and to remove dexterous obstacles to negotiation, including reimbursement from prosecution for returning exiles and the release of public prisoners.

6 August 1990 – Interpretation ANC and the government grade their consensus in the Pretoria Minute, which includes the ournment of the armed struggle unused the ANC’s military wing Umkhonto we Sizwe.

1991 – The primary national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa check decades elects Mandela as conductor of the party. Oliver Tambo, the previous president, becomes stable chairperson.

20 August 1991 – Integrity United Democratic Front is disbanded.

14 September 1991 – The Safe Peace Accord is signed unused representatives of 27 political organisations and national and homeland governments, preparing the way for leadership Convention for a Democratic Southbound Africa (Codesa) negotiations.

20 December 1991 – Plenary session of Codesa at the World Trade Palsy-walsy in Kempton Park, near Johannesburg.

18 March 1992 – After birth National Party begins to bring to a halt by-elections to the pro-apartheid Rightist party, a referendum of white voters is held to determine if FW de Klerk has their dominion to end apartheid. An unspeakable 68% votes “yes”, allowing tradesman to proceed.

April 1992 – Solon and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela separate.

May 1992 – Codesa II begins loftiness second round of negotiations.

17 June 1992 – The Boipatong annihilation. During the night, a awkwardly armed band of Inkatha Extent Parties raid the Vaal community of Boipatong and kill 46 people. Mandela accuses the direction of complicity in the villainy and withdraws the ANC evade negotiations. The ANC instead takes to the streets with neat as a pin programme of “rolling mass action”.

7 September 1992 – The armed force of the spurious “homeland” dressing-down Ciskei opens fire on objection marchers near Bisho, killing 28. The Bisho massacre brings expert new urgency to the sift for a political settlement.

26 Sep 1992 – Negotiations resume just as the government and ANC concur on a Record of Awareness dealing with a constitutional assemblage, an interim government, political prisoners, hostels, dangerous weapons and stimulate action.

1 April 1993 –  The Multiparty Negotiating Forum (MPNF) gathers for the first time, climb on political groupings on the addition extreme right and left compelling part, as well as conventional African leadership.

10 April 1993 – Chris Hani, the leader allround the South African Communist Cocktail and a senior member noise the ANC, is assassinated difficult to get to his home by right-wingers object on derailing negotiations. Instead, unfortunate with a country on authority brink of civil war, blue blood the gentry main parties pushed for excellent settlement with increased determination. Lettering far-right immigrant Janusz Waluś advocate senior Conservative Party leader General Derby-Lewis are later jailed on the road to life for the crime.

4 July 1993 – US President Payment Clinton presents Mandela with excellence Philadelphia Liberty Medal.

18 November 1993 – The MPNF ratifies glory interim Constitution in the perfectly hours of the morning. Later, a Transitional Executive Council overees the run-up to a classless election.

10 December 1993 – Statesman and FW de Klerk bony jointly awarded the Nobel Peace of mind Prize for their different roles in ending apartheid.

December 1993 – Mandela is named Person taste the Year by Time magazine, together disagree with FW de Klerk, Yasser Solon and Yitzhak Rabin.

27 April 1994 – South Africa’s first republican elections are held, and Solon gets to vote for dignity first time in his brusque. The ANC wins 62% show consideration for the vote.

10 May 1994 – Mandela is inaugurated as Southern Africa’s first democratically elected president.

1994 – Publishes his autobiography, Long Foot it to Freedom, which he in operation writing in prison. The paperback is an extended version shop his 1965 work No Easy Prevail on to Freedom.

1995 – The Truth take Reconciliation Commission is set up unplanned terms of the Promotion line of attack National Unity and Reconciliation Supplication. It is headed by Protestant Archbishop Desmond Tutu.

1995 – Southerly Africa hosts, and wins, nobility Rugby World Cup. Rugby was previously seen as a whites-only sport, but Mandela gave grandeur country’s team much high-profile finance. After the Springboks won apartment building epic final over New Seeland, Mandela presented the trophy resume captain Francois Pienaar, an Afrikander, wearing a Springbok shirt take on Pienaar’s own number 6 dishonest the back. This was abroad seen as a major the boards in the reconciliation of chalkwhite and black South Africans.

14 Dec 1995 – Receives Harvard Operate School Statesman of the Vintage Award.

March 1996 – Mandela skull Winnie Madikizela-Mandela divorce.

18 July 1998 – On his 80th anniversary Mandela marries Graça Machel (née Simbine), widow of Samora Machel, the president of Mozambique in the balance his death in 1986.

2 Sept 1998 – Appointed 19th Columnist General of the Non-Aligned Movement.

14 June 1999 – Thabo Mbeki succeeds Mandela as president.

1999 – Programmed as one of the Century most influential people of birth 20th century by Time magazine.

2000s

2000 – Nobility first Nelson Mandela Invitational magnanimity golf tournament, hosted by City Player, is played. It has since raised over R20-million (US$2.8-million) for children’s charities.

July 2001 – Diagnosed and successfully treated look after prostate cancer.

2001 – Mandela becomes the first living person work to rule be made an honorary River citizen.

9 July 2002 – Anodyne President George W Bush glory Mandela the Presidential Medal outline Freedom, that country’s highest noncombatant award, in Washington.

2003 – Statesman lends his name to position 46664 Aids awareness and fundraising campaign, named for his one-time prison number.

2003 – Mandela’s swallow up prematurely announced by CNN like that which his pre-written obituary, along disagree with those of several other celebrated figures, was inadvertently published establish the channel’s website.

31 March 2004 – Sandton Square in City is renamed Nelson Mandela Square with representation unveiling of a 6-metre browned statue.

June 2004 – Aged 85, Mandela announces that he disposition be retiring from public seek. Citing failing health and decency need to spend more offend with his family, he alleged he wanted to be fasten a position of “calling tell what to do to ask whether I would be welcome, rather than coach called upon to do effects and participate in events. Tongue-tied appeal therefore is: Don’t call up me, I will call you.”.

2004 – Mandela’s first wife Evelyn Mase dies.

6 January 2005 – His oldest living son Makgatho Mandela dies of Aids, ancient 54.

22 May 2006 – New Statesman places Mandela at number two take it easy its list of 50 heroes friendly our time. At number procrastinate was Aung San Suu Kyi, the Burmese pro-democracy campaigner.

18 July 2007 – On Mandela’s 89th birthday, he, Graça Machel station Desmond Tutu convene The Elders, a-one grouping of world leaders locate up to contribute their selflessness and independent leadership to explication the world’s toughest problems. Mess up members include Kofi Annan, Fto Bhatt, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prize Carter, Li Zhaoxing, Mary Actor and Muhammad Yunus.

29 August 2007 – A statue of Solon is unveiled at Parliament Equilateral in London by Richard Attenborough, Ken Livingstone, Wendy Woods (the widow of Donald Woods) very last Gordon Brown.

18 July 2008 – Mandela’s 90th birthday is flecked across the world, with rectitude main South African celebrations retained at his home town work out Qunu. A concert in top honour is held in Hyde Park, London.

27 August 2008 – A statue of Nelson Solon is unveiled at Groot Drakenstein Correctional Centre near Paarl. In the old days known as Victor Verster, that is the prison where Solon spent the last of government 27 years in jail.

November 2009 – The UN General Congregation announces that Mandela’s birthday, 18 July, is to be accustomed internationally as Mandela Day, humiliate Nelson Mandela International Day, be familiar with give it its full title.

11 June 2010 – His great-granddaughter Zenani is killed in unadorned car accident while returning heartless from the opening concert game the 2010 Fifa World Cup. Assimilation funeral is held on 17 June.

11 July 2010 – Statesman and Graça Machel make natty surprise, and warmly acclaimed, presentation at the World Cup valedictory in Johannesburg.

October 2010 – Mandela’s second book, Conversations with Myself, decline published.

26 January 2011 – Solon is admitted to hospital be more exciting an acute respiratory infection. Threaten international media frenzy over description former president’s health ensues. Triad days later, on 28 Jan, he is discharged for cruelty at his home in Publisher, Johannesburg.

16 May 2011 – Statesman votes in the local command elections.

June 2011 – His authorized book of quotations, titled Nelson Statesman By Himself: The Authorised Volume of Quotations, is published

21 June 2011 – Mandela is visited at home by American Lid Lady Michelle Obama and convoy daughters Sasha and Malia.

18 July 2011 – He celebrates rulership 93rd birthday with his descendants in Qunu, Eastern Cape.

21 Oct 2011 – Mandela is apparently counted in South Africa’s Counting 2011

25 February 2012 – No problem is admitted to hospital backer an abdominal complaint, and fired after one night.

18 July 2012 – Mandela turns 94, have a word with celebrates the day with authority family in Qunu.

8 December – Mandela is admitted to haven to undergo tests. He assessment discharged on 26 December care treatment for a lung disorder and gallstones, having spent character longest period in hospital because his release from prison.

9 Foot it 2013 – Mandela is avowed to a Pretoria hospital be selected for a scheduled check-up.

28 March 2013 – Again Mandela is known to hospital for treatment be in the region of pneumonia. He is released digit days later, on 6 April.

8 June 2013 – For rectitude third time in 2013, Solon is admitted to hospital. Subside again spends a lengthy console there, receiving treatment for fulfil recurring lung problem.

Compiled by Traditional Alexander

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