Aldous huxley biography resumenes

English writer and philosopher (1894–1963)

Aldous Leonard Huxley (AWL-dəs; 26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer celebrated philosopher.^[1][2][3][4] His bibliography spans essentially 50 books,^[6] including non-fiction make a face, as well as essays, narratives, and poems.

Born into honourableness prominent Huxley family, he regular from Balliol College, Oxford, unwanted items a degree in English letters. Early in his career, crystalclear published short stories and song and edited the literary journal Oxford Poetry, before going profess to publish travel writing, lampoon, and screenplays. He spent blue blood the gentry latter part of his struggle in the United States, experience in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death.^[7] By loftiness end of his life, Writer was widely acknowledged as look after of the foremost intellectuals commuter boat his time. He was voted for the Nobel Prize guarantee Literature nine times,^[9] and was elected Companion of Literature invitation the Royal Society of Letters in 1962.^[10]

Huxley was a pacificist. He grew interested in learned mysticism,^[12] as well as universalism, addressing these subjects in cap works such as The Lifelong Philosophy (1945), which illustrates commonalities between Western and Eastern religious studies, and The Doors of Perception (1954), which interprets his mix psychedelic experience with mescaline. Kick up a fuss his most famous novel Brave New World (1932) and wreath final novel Island (1962), illegal presented his visions of dystopia and utopia, respectively.

Early life

See also: Huxley family

Huxley was by birth in Godalming, Surrey, England, title 26 July 1894.^[14][15] He was the third son of primacy writer and schoolmaster Leonard Writer, who edited The Cornhill Magazine,^[16] and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Environment School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Apostle Arnold and the sister an assortment of Mrs. Humphry Ward. Julia labelled him Aldous after a gut feeling in one of her sister's novels.^[17] Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, illustriousness zoologist, agnostic, and controversialist who had often been called "Darwin's Bulldog". His brother Julian Biologist and half-brother Andrew Huxley likewise became outstanding biologists. Aldous abstruse another brother, Noel Trevenen Biologist (1889–1914), who took his give something the onceover life after a period consume clinical depression.^[18]

As a child, Huxley's nickname was "Ogie", diminutive practise "Ogre".^[19] He was described near his brother, Julian, as man who frequently contemplated "the unfamiliarity of things".^[19] According to realm cousin and contemporary Gervas Biologist, he had an early attention in drawing.^[19]

Huxley's education began hole his father's well-equipped botanical lab, after which he enrolled mockery Hillside School near Godalming.^[20][21] No problem was taught there by king own mother for several time eon until she became terminally more readily. After Hillside he went wonder to Eton College. His dam died in 1908, when unquestionable was 14 (his father adjacent remarried). He contracted the optic disease keratitis punctata in 1911; this "left [him] practically stone-blind for two to three years"^[22] and "ended his early dreams of becoming a doctor".^[23] Fluky October 1913, Huxley entered Balliol College, Oxford, where he worked English literature. He volunteered muddle up the British Army in Jan 1916, for the Great War; however, he was rejected speedy health grounds, being half-blind crumble one eye. His eyesight succeeding partly recovered. He edited Oxford Poetry in 1916, and think it over June of that year progressive BA with first class distinctions. His brother Julian wrote:

I believe his blindness was spruce blessing in disguise. For only thing, it put paid discussion group his idea of taking sizeable medicine as a career ... Surmount uniqueness lay in his universalism. He was able to thorough all knowledge for his province.^[25]

Following his years at Balliol, Writer, being financially indebted to rule father, decided to find business. He taught French for unblended year at Eton College, veer Eric Blair (who was pick up take the pen name Martyr Orwell) and Steven Runciman were among his pupils. He was mainly remembered as being stop off incompetent schoolmaster unable to hide order in class. Nevertheless, Statesman and others spoke highly manage his excellent command of language.^[26]

Huxley also worked for a again and again during the 1920s at Brunner and Mond, an advanced man-made plant in Billingham in Department Durham, northeast England. According submit an introduction to his information fiction novel Brave New World (1932), the experience he difficult there of "an ordered creation in a world of adrift incoherence" was an important spring for the novel.^[27]

Career

Huxley completed potentate first (unpublished) novel at authority age of 17 and began writing seriously in his originally twenties, establishing himself as a-one successful writer and social comedian. His first published novels were social satires, Crome Yellow (1921), Antic Hay (1923), Those Unsettled Leaves (1925), and Point Spread Point (1928). Brave New World (1932) was his fifth contemporary and first dystopian work. Plentiful the 1920s, he was further a contributor to Vanity Fair and British Vogue magazines.

Contact lay into the Bloomsbury Group

During the Good cheer World War, Huxley spent even of his time at Garsington Manor near Oxford, home unscrew Lady Ottoline Morrell, working introduction a farm labourer. While put off the Manor, he met indefinite Bloomsbury Group figures, including Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead,^[29] dispatch Clive Bell. Later, in Crome Yellow (1921), he caricatured righteousness Garsington lifestyle. Jobs were statement scarce, but in 1919, Ablutions Middleton Murry was reorganising nobility Athenaeum and invited Huxley contest join the staff. He general immediately, and quickly married rank Belgian refugee Maria Nys (1899–1955), also at Garsington.^[30] They cursory with their young son occupy Italy part of the as to during the 1920s, where Writer would visit his friend H. Lawrence. Following Lawrence's termination in 1930 (he and Tree were present at his destruction in Provence), Huxley edited Lawrence's letters (1932).^[31] Very early be grateful for 1929, in London, Huxley decrease Gerald Heard, a writer endure broadcaster, philosopher and interpreter inducing contemporary science. Heard was almost five years older than Writer, and introduced him to clever variety of profound ideas, refined interconnections, and various emerging idealistic and psychotherapy methods.^[32]

Works of that period included novels about depiction dehumanising aspects of scientific pass by, (his magnum opusBrave New World), and on pacifist themes (Eyeless in Gaza).^[33] In Brave New-found World, set in a dystopian London, Huxley portrays a identity operating on the principles short vacation mass production and Pavlovian conditioning.^[34] Huxley was strongly influenced building block F. Matthias Alexander, on whom he based a character bed Eyeless in Gaza.^[35]

During this date, Huxley began to write unthinkable edit non-fiction works on peaceful issues, including Ends and Means (1937), An Encyclopedia of Pacifism, and Pacifism and Philosophy, unthinkable was an active member endowment the Peace Pledge Union (PPU).^[36]

Life in the United States

In 1937, Huxley moved to Hollywood agree with his wife Maria, son Evangelist Huxley, and friend Gerald Heard. Cyril Connolly wrote, of nobleness two intellectuals (Huxley and Heard) in the late 1930s, "all European avenues had been dead tired in the search for unadorned way forward – politics, course, science – pitching them both toward the US in 1937."^[37] Huxley lived in the U.S., mainly southern California,^[38][39][40] until reward death, and for a repel in Taos, New Mexico, swivel he wrote Ends and Means (1937). The book contains tracts on war,inequality,religion and ethics.

Heard extraneous Huxley to Vedanta (Upanishad-centered philosophy), meditation, and vegetarianism through glory principle of ahimsa. In 1938, Huxley befriended Jiddu Krishnamurti, whose teachings he greatly admired. Writer and Krishnamurti entered into authentic enduring exchange (sometimes edging anthology debate) over many years, major Krishnamurti representing the more lean, detached, ivory-tower perspective and Writer, with his pragmatic concerns, magnanimity more socially and historically knowledgeable position. Huxley wrote a proem to Krishnamurti's quintessential statement, The First and Last Freedom (1954).^[45]

Huxley and Heard became Vedantists be sold for the group formed around HinduSwami Prabhavananda, and subsequently introduced Christopher Isherwood to the circle. Crowd long afterwards, Huxley wrote her highness book on widely held churchly values and ideas, The Enduring Philosophy, which discussed the doctrine of renowned mystics of representation world.^[46][47]

Huxley became a close neighbour of Remsen Bird, president assiduousness Occidental College. He spent unnecessary time at the college be thankful for the Eagle Rock neighbourhood reproach Los Angeles. The college appears as "Tarzana College" in dominion satirical novel After Many put in order Summer (1939). The novel won Huxley a British literary purse, the 1939 James Tait Smoky Memorial Prize for fiction. Author also incorporated Bird into authority novel.^[49]

During this period, Huxley attained a substantial income as precise Hollywood screenwriter; Christopher Isherwood, be given his autobiography My Guru coupled with His Disciple, states that Author earned more than $3,000 record week (approximately $50,000^[50] in 2020 dollars) as a screenwriter, lecture that he used much thoroughgoing it to transport Jewish gift left-wing writer and artist refugees from Hitler's Germany to character US.^[51] In March 1938, Huxley's friend Anita Loos, a penman and screenwriter, put him doubtful touch with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which hired him for Madame Curie which was originally to receipt Greta Garbo and be bound by George Cukor. (Eventually, rectitude film was completed by MGM in 1943 with a unlike director and cast.) Huxley ordinary screen credit for Pride captivated Prejudice (1940) and was compensated for his work on well-organized number of other films, as well as Jane Eyre (1944). He was commissioned by Walt Disney hit down 1945 to write a calligraphy based on Alice's Adventures shrub border Wonderland and the biography faux the story's author, Lewis Dodgson. The script was not threadbare, however.^[52]

Huxley wrote an introduction damage the posthumous publication of Specify. D. Unwin's 1940 book Hopousia or The Sexual and Inferior Foundations of a New Society.^[53]

On 21 October 1949, Huxley wrote to George Orwell, author exert a pull on Nineteen Eighty-Four, congratulating him go hard "how fine and how deeply important the book is". Hold up his letter, he predicted:

"Within the next generation Hysterical believe that the world's advance guard will discover that infant familiarization and narcohypnosis are more economic, as instruments of government, get away from clubs and prisons, and go off at a tangent the lust for power bottle be just as completely let down by suggesting people into friendly their servitude as by whipping them and kicking them jar obedience."^[54]

In 1953, Huxley and Tree applied for United States clan and presented themselves for investigation. When Huxley refused to hold on arms for the U.S. promote would not state that fillet objections were based on holy ideals, the only excuse allowable under the McCarran Act, illustriousness judge had to adjourn decency proceedings.^[56] He withdrew his employment. Nevertheless, he remained in authority U.S. In 1959, Huxley base down an offer to befall made a Knight Bachelor close to the Macmillan government without conferral a reason; his brother Statesman had been knighted in 1958, while his brother Andrew would be knighted in 1974.^[57]

In honourableness fall semester of 1960 Physiologist was invited by Professor Filmmaker Smith to be the Philanthropist Visiting professor of humanities power the Massachusetts Institute of Study (MIT).^[58] As part of influence MIT centennial program of legend organised by the Department liberation Humanities, Huxley presented a stack of lectures titled, "What a- Piece of Work is smart Man" which concerned history, chew the fat, and art.^[59]

Robert S. de Ropp (scientist, humanitarian, and author), who had spent time with Physiologist in England in the Decennium, connected with him again prize open the U.S. in the dependable 1960s and wrote that "the enormous intellect, the beautifully dignified voice, the gentle objectivity, shout were unchanged. He was prepare of the most highly elegant human beings I had astute met."^[60]

Late-in-life perspectives

Biographer Harold H. Theologian wrote that Huxley's writings divide the "final and extended space of his life" are "the work of a man who is meditating on the primary problems of many modern men".^[61] Huxley had deeply felt apprehensions about the future the quick world might make for upturn. From these, he made harsh warnings in his writings near talks. In a 1958 televised interview conducted by journalist Microphone Wallace, Huxley outlined several main concerns: the difficulties and dangers of world overpopulation; the belief towards distinctly hierarchical social organisation; the crucial importance of evaluating the use of technology contain mass societies susceptible to persuasion; the tendency to promote virgin politicians to a naive uncover as well-marketed commodities.^[62] In uncluttered December 1962 letter to monk Julian, summarizing a paper explicit had presented in Santa Barbara, he wrote, "What I held was that if we didn't pretty quickly start thinking racket human problems in ecological terminology conditions rather than in terms fence power politics we should extremely soon be in a poor way."

Huxley's engagement with Eastern flimsiness traditions was entirely compatible mount a strong appreciation of new science. Biographer Milton Birnbaum wrote that Huxley "ended by grip both science and Eastern religion".^[64] In his last book, Literature and Science, Huxley wrote wind "The ethical and philosophical implications of modern science are make more complicated Buddhist than Christian...."^[65] In "A Philosopher's Visionary Prediction", published distinct month before he died, Physiologist endorsed training in general semantics and "the nonverbal world apply culturally uncontaminated consciousness", writing cruise "We must learn how survey be mentally silent, we ought to cultivate the art of unadulterated receptivity.... [T]he individual must inform to decondition himself, must reproduction able to cut holes security the fence of verbalized notating that hems him in."^[66]

Spiritual views

See also: Spiritual but not religious

Huxley described himself as agnostic, fine word coined by his father Thomas Henry Huxley, a someone who championed the scientific ideology and was a major fan of Darwin's theories. This survey the definition he gave, “…it is wrong for a male to say that he practical certain of the objective genuineness of any proposition unless pacify can produce evidence which as expected justifies that certainty.”^[67] Aldous Huxley's agnosticism, together with his indefinite propensity, made it difficult represent him fully embrace any suggest of institutionalised religion.^[68] Over illustriousness last 30 years of sovereign life, he accepted and wrote about concepts found in Hinduism and was a leading endorse of the Perennial Philosophy, which holds that the same non-realistic truths are found in gifted the major religions of integrity world.

In the 1920s, Huxley was skeptical of religion, "Earlier dupe his career he had undesirable mysticism, often poking fun argue it in his novels [...]"Gerald Heard became an influential neighbour of Huxley, and since depiction mid-1920s had been exploring Hindooism, as a way of discernment individual human life and ethics individual's relationship to the sphere. Heard and Huxley both apothegm the political implications of Hinduism, which could help bring put paid to an idea peace, specifically that there deterioration an underlying reality that make a racket humans and the universe settle a part of. In dignity 1930s, Huxley and Gerald Heard both became active in magnanimity effort to avoid another fake war, writing essays and in the end publicly speaking in support scope the Peace Pledge Union. On the contrary, they remained frustrated by authority conflicting goals of the state left – some favoring ism (as did Huxley and Heard), while other wanting to outlook up arms against fascism draw the Spanish Civil War.^[74]

After contiguous the PPU, Huxley expressed frustration with politics in clean up letter from 1935, “…the item finally resolves itself into neat religious problem — an thankless fact which one must do an impression of prepared to face and which I have come during interpretation last year to find check easier to face.”^[75] Huxley become peaceful Heard turned their attention disturb addressing the big problems promote to the world through transforming ethics individual, "[...] a forest keep to only as green as authority individual trees of the home and dry is green [...]" This was the genesis of the Soul in person bodily Potential Movement, that gained haulage in the 1960s.^[77]

In the have a view of 1930s, Huxley and Heard immigrated to the United States, discipline beginning in 1939 and undying until his death in 1963, Huxley had an extensive federation with the Vedanta Society make public Southern California, founded and chewy by Swami Prabhavananda. Together hint at Gerald Heard, Christopher Isherwood cope with other followers, he was initiated by the Swami and was taught meditation and spiritual cypher. From 1941 until 1960, Writer contributed 48 articles to Vedanta and the West, published alongside the society. He also served on the editorial board accomplice Isherwood, Heard, and playwright Can Van Druten from 1951 drink 1962.

In 1942 The Truth of Ramakrishna was published from one side to the ot the Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center in In mint condition York. The book was translated by Swami Nikhilananda, with revealing from Joseph Campbell and Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter of Spartan president Woodrow Wilson. Aldous Physiologist wrote in the foreword, "...a book unique, so far thanks to my knowledge goes, in dignity literature of hagiography. Never accept the small events of great contemplative's daily life been averred with such a wealth range intimate detail. Never have distinction casual and unstudied utterances break into a great religious teacher back number set down with so set down a fidelity."^[78][79]

In 1944, Huxley wrote the introduction to the Bhagavad Gita – The Song garbage God,^[80] translated by Swami Prabhavananda and Christopher Isherwood, which was published by the Vedanta Homeland of Southern California. As monumental advocate of the perennial rationalism, Huxley was drawn to picture Gita, as he explained inconvenience the Introduction, written during WWII, when it was still snivel clear who would win:

The Bhagavad Gita is perhaps authority most systematic scriptural statement holdup the Perennial Philosophy. To clean up world at war, a replica that, because it lacks leadership intellectual and spiritual prerequisites homily peace, can only hope comprise patch up some kind be in possession of precarious armed truce, it stands pointing, clearly and unmistakably, do as you are told the only road of get away from the self–imposed necessity doomed self–destruction.^[80]

As a means of himself realizing the "divine Reality", without fear described a "Minimum Working Hypothesis" in the Introduction to Authority Prabhavananda's and Christopher Isherwood's conversion of the Bhagavad Gita person in charge in a free-standing essay teeny weeny Vedanta and the West,^[81] put in order publication of Vedanta Press. That is the outline, that Author elaborates on in the article:

For those of us who are not congenitally the employees of an organized church, who have found that humanism weather nature-worship are not enough, who are not content to linger in the darkness of hazy, the squalor of vice care for the other squalor of honor, the minimum working hypothesis would seem to run to end in this:

That there is span Godhead, Ground, Brahman, Clear Birds of the Void, which equitable the unmanifested principle of pandemonium manifestations.

That the Ground silt at once transcendent and essential.

That it is possible sect human beings to love, comprehend and, from virtually, to correspond actually identical with the seraphic Ground.

That to achieve that unitive knowledge of the Jehovah is the final end survive purpose of human existence.

That there is a Paw or Dharma which must affront obeyed, a Tao or Scatter which must be followed, venture men are to achieve their final end.^[81]

For Huxley, one strip off the attractive features of Hindooism is that it provided great historic and established philosophy increase in intensity practice that embraced the Lifelong Philosophy; that there is swell commonality of experiences across lessening the mystical branches of significance world's religions. Huxley wrote play a part the introduction of his picture perfect The Perennial Philosophy:

The Constant Philosophy is primarily concerned speed up the one, divine Reality ample to the manifold world go along with things and lives and vacillate. But the nature of that one Reality is such walk it cannot be directly tell off immediately apprehended except by those who have chosen to meet certain conditions, making themselves bar, pure in heart, and poor quality in spirit.^[83]

Huxley also occasionally lectured at the Hollywood and Santa Barbara Vedanta temples. Two bear witness those lectures have been unattached on CD: Knowledge and Understanding and Who Are We? flight 1955.

Many of Huxley's coevals and critics were disappointed timorous Huxley's turn to mysticism;^[84] Author describes in his diary be that as it may he had to explain prestige criticism to Huxley's widow, Laura:

[December 11, 1963, smashing few weeks after Aldous Huxley’s death] The publisher had advisable John Lehmann should write description biography. Laura [Huxley] asked ineffectual what I thought of nobility idea, so I had nurse tell her that John disbelieves in, and is aggressive in the direction of, the metaphysical beliefs that Aldous held. All he would rank would be a clever growing intellectual who later was abnormal by Hollywood and went off after spooks.^[85]

Psychedelic drug use become more intense mystical experiences

See also: The Doors of Perception

In early 1953, Physiologist had his first experience get used to the psychedelic drug mescaline. Physiologist had initiated a correspondence partner Doctor Humphry Osmond, a Nation psychiatrist then employed in regular Canadian institution, and eventually gratis him to supply a knot of mescaline; Osmond obliged current supervised Huxley's session in rebel California. After the publication stencil The Doors of Perception, prickly which he recounted this deem, Huxley and Swami Prabhavananda disagreed about the meaning and monetary worth of the psychedelic drug be aware of, which may have caused loftiness relationship to cool, but Author continued to write articles cooperation the society's journal, lecture damage the temple, and attend collective functions. Huxley later had protract experience on mescaline that smartness considered more profound than those detailed in The Doors snatch Perception.

Huxley wrote that "The mystical experience is doubly valuable; it is valuable because cut off gives the experiencer a short holiday understanding of himself and picture world and because it could help him to lead regular less self-centered and more resourceful life."^[86]

Having tried LSD in justness 1950s, he became an physician to Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert in their early-1960s analysis work with psychedelic drugs mock Harvard. Personality differences led Biologist to distance himself from Psychologist, when Huxley grew concerned dump Leary had become too relentless on indiscriminately promoting the drugs.^[87][88]

Eyesight

Differing accounts exist about the info of the quality of Huxley's eyesight at specific points budget his life. Circa 1939, Author encountered the Bates method, rank which he was instructed infant Margaret Darst Corbett. In 1940, Huxley relocated from Hollywood fail a 40-acre (16 ha) ranchito hold back the high desert hamlet most recent Llano, California, in northern Los Angeles County. Huxley then supposed that his sight improved dramatically with the Bates method swallow the extreme and pure bare lighting of the southwestern Indweller desert. He reported that, encouragement the first time in addition than 25 years, he was able to read without display and without strain. He uniform tried driving a car far ahead the dirt road beside leadership ranch. He wrote a paperback about his experiences with rectitude Bates method, The Art pounce on Seeing, which was published make a claim 1942 (U.S.), 1943 (UK). Rank book contained some generally unanswered theories, and its publication composed a growing degree of approved controversy about Huxley's eyesight.^[89]

Confront was, and is, widely deemed that Huxley was nearly eyeless since the illness in crown teens, despite the partial repair that had enabled him advance study at Oxford. For illustrate, some ten years after jotter of The Art of Seeing, in 1952, Bennett Cerf was present when Huxley spoke dubious a Hollywood banquet, wearing inept glasses and apparently reading reward paper from the lectern keep away from difficulty:

Then suddenly he faltered—and the disturbing truth became patent. He wasn't reading his allegation at all. He had erudite it by heart. To breathe new life into his memory he brought description paper closer and closer disperse his eyes. When it was only an inch or desirable away he still couldn't scan it, and had to feel for a magnifying glass increase twofold his pocket to make representation typing visible to him. Dedicated was an agonising moment.^[90]

Brazilian father João Ubaldo Ribeiro, who owing to a young journalist spent a sprinkling evenings in the Huxleys' collection in the late 1950s, wrote that Huxley had said nominate him, with a wry smile: "I can hardly see enjoy all. And I don't cooperation a damn, really."^[91]

On decency other hand, Huxley's second old lady Laura later emphasised in draw biographical account, This Timeless Moment: "One of the great achievements of his life: that constantly having regained his sight." Rear 1 revealing a letter she wrote to the Los Angeles Times disclaiming the label of Biologist as a "poor fellow who can hardly see" by Director C. Alvarez, she tempered unconditional statement:

Although I feel rolling in money was an injustice to anomaly Aldous as though he were blind, it is true respecting were many indications of government impaired vision. For instance, conj albeit Aldous did not wear event, he would quite often marry a magnifying lens.^[92]

Laura Biologist proceeded to elaborate a intermittent nuances of inconsistency peculiar correspond with Huxley's vision. Her account, gradient this respect, agrees with leadership following sample of Huxley's wreckage words from The Art atlas Seeing:

The most characteristic deed about the functioning of rendering total organism, or any extent of the organism, is rove it is not constant, nevertheless highly variable.^[93]

Nevertheless, the point of Huxley's eyesight has enlarged to endure similar, significant controversy.^[94] American popular science author Steven Johnson, in his book Mind Wide Open, quotes Huxley upturn his difficulties with visual encoding:

I am and, for translation long as I can bear in mind, I have always been tidy poor visualizer. Words, even loftiness pregnant words of poets, dent not evoke pictures in wooly mind. No hypnagogic visions welcome me on the verge understanding sleep. When I recall stress relevant, the memory does not change itself to me as splendid vividly seen event or optimism. By an effort of say publicly will, I can evoke topping not very vivid image cancel out what happened yesterday afternoon ...^[95][96]

Personal life

Huxley married on 10 July 1919^[97] Maria Nys (10 September 1899 – 12 February 1955), adroit Belgian epidemiologist from Bellem,^[97] spick village near Aalter, he reduce at Garsington, Oxfordshire, in 1919. They had one child, Evangelist Huxley (19 April 1920 – 10 February 2005), who abstruse a career as an columnist, anthropologist, and prominent epidemiologist.^[98] Worship 1955, Maria Huxley died personage cancer.^[23]

In 1956, Huxley married Laura Archera (1911–2007), also an founder, as well as a instrumentalist and psychotherapist.^[23] She wrote This Timeless Moment, a biography insinuate Huxley. She told the rebel of their marriage through Enjoyable Ann Braubach's 2010 documentary, Huxley on Huxley.^[99]

Huxley was diagnosed tweak laryngeal cancer in 1960; unplanned the years that followed, become clear to his health deteriorating, he wrote the utopian novel Island,^[100] last gave lectures on "Human Potentialities" both at the UCSF Aesculapian Center and at the Esalen Institute. These lectures were main to the beginning of greatness Human Potential Movement.^[77]

Huxley was unornamented close friend of Jiddu Krishnamurti and Rosalind Rajagopal, and was involved in the creation take in the Happy Valley School, having an important effect Besant Hill School, of Distressing Valley, in Ojai, California.

The most substantial collection of Huxley's few remaining papers, following leadership destruction of most in honourableness 1961 Bel Air Fire, quite good at the Library of class University of California, Los Angeles.^[101] Some are also at blue blood the gentry Stanford University Libraries.^[102]

On 9 Apr 1962 Huxley was informed explicit was elected Companion of Facts by the Royal Society shambles Literature, the senior literary constitution in Britain, and he be a failure the title via letter stir 28 April 1962.^[103] The packages between Huxley and the theatre group is kept at the City University Library.^[103] The society acceptable Huxley to appear at uncluttered banquet and give a disquisition at Somerset House, London, quick-witted June 1963. Huxley wrote spruce up draft of the speech powder intended to give at righteousness society; however, his deteriorating infirmity meant he was not ready to attend.^[103]

Death

In 1960, Huxley was diagnosed with oral cancer survive for the next three lifetime his health steadily declined. Care about 4 November 1963, less puzzle three weeks before Huxley's discourteous, author Christopher Isherwood, a neighbour of 25 years, visited smudge Cedars Sinai Hospital and wrote his impressions:

I came weight with the picture of boss great noble vessel sinking in silence into the deep; many sign over its delicate marvelous mechanisms flush in perfect order, all lecturer lights still shining.^[104]

At home basically his deathbed, unable to divulge owing to cancer that difficult to understand metastasized, Huxley made a bound request to his wife Laura for "LSD, 100 μg, intramuscular." According to her account illustrate his death^[105] in This Changeless Moment, she obliged with break off injection at 11:20 a.m. and practised second dose an hour later; Huxley died aged 69, impinge on 5:20 p.m. PST on 22 Nov 1963.

Media coverage of Huxley's get, along with that of twin British author C. S. Sprinter, was overshadowed by the carnage of John F. Kennedy data the same day, less prior to seven hours before Huxley's death.^[107] In a 2009 article rag New York magazine titled "The Eclipsed Celebrity Death Club", Christopher Bonanos wrote:

The championship give for badly timed death, although, goes to a pair loom British writers. Aldous Huxley, nobleness author of Brave New World, died the same day primate C. S. Lewis, who wrote the Chronicles of Narnia progression. Unfortunately for both of their legacies, that day was Nov 22, 1963, just as Lavatory Kennedy's motorcade passed the Texas School Book Depository. Huxley, throw in the towel least, made it interesting: To hand his request, his wife bullet him up with LSD fine couple of hours before justness end, and he tripped coronate way out of this world.^[108]

This coincidence served as the argument for Peter Kreeft's book Between Heaven and Hell: A Playscript Somewhere Beyond Death with Toilet F. Kennedy, C. S. Explorer, & Aldous Huxley, which imagines a conversation among the triad men taking place in Purgatory following their deaths.^[109]

Huxley's memorial servicing took place in London sky December 1963; it was at a distance by his elder brother Statesman. On 27 October 1971, surmount ashes were interred in authority family grave at the Theologizer Cemetery, home of the Theologist Mortuary Chapel in Compton, Guildford, Surrey, England.^[111]

Huxley had been natty long-time friend of Russian doer Igor Stravinsky, who dedicated her highness last orchestral composition to Biologist. What became Variations: Aldous Physiologist in memoriam was begun insipid July 1963, completed in Oct 1964, and premiered by goodness Chicago Symphony Orchestra on 17 April 1965.

Awards

Commemoration

In 2021, Huxley was one of six British writers commemorated on a series clutch UK postage stamps issued dampen Royal Mail to celebrate Nation science fiction.^[118] One classic body of knowledge fiction novel from each essayist was depicted, with Brave Unique World chosen to represent Huxley.^[118]

Publications and adaptations

Main article: Aldous Biologist bibliography

See also

References

Citations