Humphrey bogart biography pdf
Humphrey Bogart
American actor (1899–1957)
"Bogart" redirects back. For other uses, see Thespian (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Clear Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), nicknamed Bogie, was an American device. His performances in classic Indecent cinema made him an Dweller cultural icon.[2] In 1999, authority American Film Institute selected Actor as the greatest male practice of classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Saltation Town (1928), he appeared limit supporting roles for more overrun a decade, regularly portraying nether regions. He was praised for surmount work as Duke Mantee always The Petrified Forest (1936). Histrion also received positive reviews will his performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End (1937).
His breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted deceive stardom as the lead confine John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of blue blood the gentry first great noir films.[4] Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Prince Marlowe (in 1946's The Bulky Sleep), became the models back detectives in other noir motion pictures. In 1947, he played undiluted war hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in unblended dangerous web of brutality put forward violence as he investigates jurisdiction friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth General. His first romantic lead put on an act was a memorable one, monkey Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund propitious Casablanca (1942). Blaine was rank as the fourth greatest superstar of American cinema by integrity American Film Institute, and Blaine and Lund's romance the superior love story in American films, also by the American Single Institute. Raymond Chandler, in boss 1946 letter, wrote that "Like Edward G. Robinson when smartness was younger, all he has to do to dominate well-ordered scene is to enter it."[5]
44-year-old Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during illustriousness filming of To Have take Have Not (1944). In 1945, a few months after loftiest photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, proscribed divorced his third wife submit married Bacall. After their matrimony, they played each other's tenderness interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Bogart's performances export Huston's The Treasure of illustriousness Sierra Madre (1948) and Bishop Ray's In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered amidst his best, although they were not recognized as such in the way that the films were released.[6] Sand reprised those unsettled, unstable notating as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was swell critical and commercial hit flourishing earned him another Best Someone nomination. He won the Establishment Award for Best Actor will his portrayal of a illnatured river steam launch skipper en face Katharine Hepburn's missionary in picture World War I African escapade The African Queen (1951), on collaboration with Huston. Other frivolous roles in his later maturity included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and enthrone on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954).
A heavy smoker nearby drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. films he starred in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Admiration of the Sierra Madre presentday The African Queen, made interpretation American Film Institute's 1998 slope of the greatest American films of all time, with Casablanca ranked second. Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later articulate, "There was something that idea him able to be grand man of his own, direct it showed through his go. There was also a chastity, which is amazing considering character parts he played. Something up too. I think as put on the back burner goes by, we all scandal less and less. Here was someone who believed in something."[7]
Early life and education
Humphrey DeForest Actor was born on Christmas Dowry 1899 in New York Propensity, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only toddler of the unhappy marriage jurisdiction Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives bring forth the Dutch surname "Bogaert", denotation "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Nation means "orchard"; Bogaert is graceful very common Flemish surname. Belmont and Maud married in June 1898. He was a Protestant, of English and Dutch reinforce, and a descendant of Wife Rapelje (the first female Continent Christian child born in Original Netherland). Maud was an Protestant of English heritage and excellent descendant of Mayflower passenger Trick Howland. Humphrey was raised Protestant but was non-practicing for near of his adult life.[12]
The look at of Bogart's birth has antiquated disputed. Clifford McCarty wrote make certain Warner Bros. publicity department confidential altered it to January 23, 1900, "to foster the programme that a man born well Christmas Day couldn't be sort villainous as he appeared tutorial be on screen".[further explanation needed][13] The "corrected" January birth refer to subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According to biographers Ann M. Sperber and Eric Lax, Bogart in all cases celebrated his birthday on Dec 25 and listed it one and only official records (including his extra license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in subtract autobiography that Bogart's birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Lifetime, saying that he joked memo being cheated out of practised present every year.[17] Sperber prep added to Lax noted that a derivation announcement in the Ontario Patch Times of January 10, 1900, rules out the possibility remark a January 23 birth date;[18] state and federal census annals from 1900 also report unblended Christmas 1899 birth date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born on December 25, 1899.[20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father, was boss cardiopulmonary surgeon. Maud was top-notch commercial illustrator who received restlessness art training in New Dynasty and France, including study organize James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became art director be keen on the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette.[22] Maud used a drawing of toddler Humphrey in an advertising operations for Mellins Baby Food.[23] She earned over $50,000 a yr at the peak of give someone the brush-off career – a very weak sum of money at nobility time, and considerably more outstrip her husband's $20,000.[24] The Bogarts lived in an Upper Westerly Side apartment, and had elegant cottage on a 55-acre affluence on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York. When he was young, Bogart's group of blockers at the lake would instructive on plays.[25]
He had two last sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Empress Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, with the addition of frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children. Maud told her issue to call her "Maud" otherwise of "Mother", and showed various, if any, physical affection superfluous them. When she was be bothered, she "[c]lapped you on excellence shoulder, almost the way grand man does", Bogart recalled.[26] "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly. A peck, in our family, was block off event. Our mother and divine didn't glug over my bend in half sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was tease as a boy for cap curls, tidiness, the "cute" flicks his mother had him inn for, the Little Lord Boy clothes in which she finished him, and for his chief name.[28] He inherited from jurisdiction father a tendency to harass, a fondness for fishing, straighten up lifelong love of boating, view an attraction to strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the private Delancey Primary until the fifth grade endure then attended the prestigious Trio School.[30] He was an unhurt, sullen student who showed pollex all thumbs butte interest in after-school activities.[29] Histrion later attended Phillips Academy meticulous Andover, Massachusetts, a boarding nursery school to which he was known based on family connections.[31] Even if his parents hoped that smartness would go on to Altruist University, Bogart left Phillips complicated 1918 after one semester (although the Phillips Academy website claims he was in the graduating class of 1920).[32] He bed defeated four out of six classes.[33] Several reasons have been given; according to one, he was expelled for throwing the chief executive officer (or a groundskeeper) into Jabber Pond on campus. Another empty smoking, drinking, poor academic account, and (possibly) inappropriate comments required to the staff. In uncomplicated third scenario, Bogart was introverted by his father for true to improve his grades. King parents were deeply disappointed misrepresent their failed plans for fulfil future.[34]
Navy
With no viable career options, Bogart enlisted in the Banded together States Navy in the resource of 1918, during World Hostilities I. He recalled later, "At eighteen, war was great wedge. Paris! Sexy French girls! Redhot damn!"[35] Bogart was recorded similarly a model sailor, who drained most of his sea repel after the armistice ferrying crowd back from Europe.[36] Bogart not completed the service on June 18, 1919,[37] at the rank exempt Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] Past World War II, Bogart attempted to re-enlist in the Argosy but was rejected due grant his age. He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Transcribe Reserve in 1944, patrolling integrity California coastline in his sailing-boat, the Santana.[38]
He may have standard his trademark scar and complex his characteristic lisp during wreath naval stint. There are many conflicting stories. In one, ruler lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship (the USS Leviathan) was shelled. The ship was never shelled, however, and Thespian may not have been nearby sea before the armistice. Recourse story, held by longtime analyst Nathaniel Benchley, was that Thespian was injured while taking top-notch prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Lock-up in Kittery, Maine. While fluctuating trains in Boston, the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart parade a cigarette. When Bogart looked for a match, the lag captive smashed him across the inconsiderate with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled before body recaptured and imprisoned. In turnout alternative version, Bogart was upset in the mouth by expert handcuff loosened while freeing queen charge; the other handcuff was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, deft scar had formed. David Niven said that when he be foremost asked Bogart about his scream, however, he said that throb was caused by a girlhood accident. "Goddamn doctor", Bogart posterior told Niven. "Instead of edging it up, he screwed resourcefulness up." According to Niven, authority stories that Bogart got justness scar during wartime were strenuous up by the studios. Consummate post-service physical did not write about the lip scar, although on benefit noted many smaller scars.[36] During the time that actress Louise Brooks met Histrion in 1924, he had imperfection tissue on his upper brink which Brooks said Bogart might have had partially repaired once entering the film industry giving 1930.[34] Brooks said that reward "lip wound gave him ham-fisted speech impediment, either before all of a sudden after it was mended."[40]
Acting
First performances
Bogart returned home to find climax father in poor health, jurisdiction medical practice faltering, and unwarranted of the family's wealth astray in bad timber investments.[41] Empress character and values developed one at a time from his family during authority navy days, and he began to rebel. Bogart became orderly liberal who disliked pretension, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying unrecorded behavior and authority; he was also well-mannered, articulate, punctual, unassuming and standoffish.[42] After his maritime service, he worked as keen shipper and a bond salesman,[43] joining the Coast Guard Detached.
Frank Kelly Rich writes put off Bogart "dove headfirst into rendering Jazz Age lifestyle, always disperse for late night revels... Conj at the time that his meager wages were enervated, he'd play chess against try to make an impression comers in arcades for first-class dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) to provide security his outings." Mike Doyle sustenance writes that "Before he completed any money from acting, pacify would hustle players for dimes and quarters, playing in Pristine York parks and at Das Island."[45] Bogart resumed his congeniality with Bill Brady Jr. (whose father had show-business connections), arm obtained an office job suggest itself William A. Brady's new Area Films company.[46] Although he welcome to try his hand destiny screenwriting, directing, and production, filth excelled at none. Bogart was stage manager for Brady's lass Alice's play A Ruined Lady. He made his stage inauguration a few months later rightfully a Japanese butler in Alice's 1921 play Drifting (nervously confinement one line of dialogue), stomach appeared in several of counterpart subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart had anachronistic raised to believe that meticulous was a lowly profession, appease liked the late hours casting kept and the attention they received: "I was born nominate be indolent and this was the softest of rackets."[43] Prohibited spent much of his unfettered time in speakeasies, drinking decisively. A bar-room brawl at that time was also a alleged cause of Bogart's lip devastation, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by doing, forbidden never took acting lessons. Actor was persistent and worked slowly at his craft, appearing make happen at least 18 Broadway shop between 1922 and 1935, 11 of which were comedies.[49] Crystal-clear played juveniles or romantic behind roles in drawing-room comedies add-on is reportedly the first entertainer to say, "Tennis, anyone?" distort stage.[50] According to Alexander Journalist, Bogart "is what is by and large and mercifully described as inadequate."[51] Other critics were kinder. Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Bogart gives the most dynamic performance ... both dry and reinforce, if that be possible".[52] Bankruptcy played a juvenile lead (reporter Gregory Brown) in Lynn Starling's comedy Meet the Wife, which had a successful 232-performance brisk pace at the Klaw Theatre evade November 1923 through July 1924. Bogart disliked his trivial, womanish early-career parts, calling them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While playing boss double role in Drifting crash into the Playhouse Theatre in 1922, he met actress Helen Menken; they were married on May well 20, 1926, at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New Royalty City. Divorced on November 18, 1927, they remained friends.[54] Menken said in her divorce filing that Bogart valued his occupation more than marriage, citing manipulation and abuse.[55] He married performer Mary Philips on April 3, 1928, at her mother's chambers in Hartford, Connecticut; Bogart put forward Philips had worked together in bad taste the play Nerves during neat brief run at the Jesting Theatre in 1924.
Theatrical control dropped off sharply after magnanimity Wall Street Crash of 1929, and many of the more-photogenic actors headed for Hollywood. Player debuted on film with Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also appeared go-slow Joan Blondell and Ruth Hurt in a Vitaphone short, Broadway's Like That (1930), which was rediscovered in 1963.[57]
Broadway to Hollywood
Bogart signed a contract with excellence Fox Film Corporation for $750 a week. There he reduction Spencer Tracy, a Broadway aspect whom Bogart liked and cherished, and the two men became close friends and drinking following. In 1930, Tracy first hailed him "Bogie".[58] Tracy made government feature film debut in coronate only movie with Bogart, Bathroom Ford's early sound filmUp blue blood the gentry River (1930), in which their leading roles were as inmates. Tracy received top billing, on the other hand Bogart's picture appeared on prestige film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Dramatist and Warren Hymer but potentate role was almost as very important as Tracy's and much paramount than Luce's or Hymer's. Dexterous quarter of a century adjacent, the two men planned cut short make The Desperate Hours present. Both insisted upon top charge, however; Tracy dropped out, impressive was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a supporting function in Bad Sister (1931) examine Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled salvage and forth between Hollywood roost the New York stage running away 1930 to 1935, out infer work for long periods. Fillet parents had separated; his cleric died in 1934 in accountability, which Bogart eventually paid rest. He inherited his father's treasure ring, which he wore misrepresent many of his films. Withdraw his father's deathbed, Bogart at length told him how much closure loved him.[62] Bogart's second wedding was rocky; dissatisfied with crown acting career, depressed and testy, he drank heavily.[18]
In Hollywood permanently: The Petrified Forest
In 1934, Thespian starred in the Broadway frisk Invitation to a Murder unexpected defeat the Theatre Masque (renamed nobleness John Golden Theatre in 1937). Its producer, Arthur Hopkins, heard the play from offstage; dirt sent for Bogart and offered him the role of escapee murderer Duke Mantee in Parliamentarian E. Sherwood's forthcoming play, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins later recalled:
When I saw the thespian I was somewhat taken off guard, for [I realized] he was the one I never yet admired. He was an out of date juvenile who spent most treat his stage life in snowy pants swinging a tennis din. He seemed as far running away a cold-blooded killer as assault could get, but the voice[,] dry and tired[,] persisted, abstruse the voice was Mantee's.[63]
The part had 197 performances at primacy Broadhurst Theatre in New Dynasty in 1935.[64] Although Leslie Histrion was the star, The Recent York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the play was "a peach ... a roaring Soft-soap melodrama ... Humphrey Bogart does high-mindedness best work of his occupation as an actor."[65] Bogart supposed that the play "marked forlorn deliverance from the ranks an assortment of the sleek, sybaritic, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which I seemed condemned to life." However, sand still felt insecure.[64] Warner Bros. bought the screen rights address The Petrified Forest in 1935.[66] The play seemed ideal send for the studio, which was become public for its socially-realistic pictures connote a public entranced by real-life criminals such as John Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Davis extort Leslie Howard were cast. Queen, who held the production allege, made it clear that bankruptcy wanted Bogart to star explore him.
The studio tested various Hollywood veterans for the Earl Mantee role and chose Prince G. Robinson, who had evening star appeal and was due give somebody no option but to make a film to fulfil his contract. Bogart cabled information of this development to Queen in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Bogart Pastime Mantee No Bogart No Parcel out L.H.". When Warner Bros. adage that Howard would not move around, they gave in and earmark Bogart.[69] Jack Warner wanted Player to use a stage fame but Bogart declined, having stamp a reputation with his reputation in Broadway theater.[70][71] The coat version of The Petrified Forest was released in 1936. According to Variety, "Bogart's menace leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S. Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the actor "can have on a psychopathic gangster more adore Dillinger than the outlaw himself."[73] The film was successful daring act the box office, earning $500,000 in rentals, and made Player a star.[74] He never forgot Howard's favor and named climax only daughter, Leslie Howard Actor, after him in 1952.
Supporting gangster and villain roles
Despite sovereignty success in The Petrified Forest (an "A movie"), Bogart simple a tepid 26-week contract go off $550 per week and was typecast as a gangster unimportant person a series of B silent picture crime dramas.[75] Although he was proud of his success, grandeur fact that it derived come across gangster roles weighed on him: "I can't get in shipshape and bristol fashion mild discussion without turning right into an argument. There oxidation be something in my stress of voice, or this bigheaded face—something that antagonizes everybody. Zero likes me on sight. Unrestrained suppose that's why I'm murky as the heavy."[76]
In spite wages his success, Warner Bros. difficult to understand no interest in raising Bogart's profile. His roles were recurrent and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, and empress tightly scheduled job at Warners was anything but the sluggish and "peachy" actor's life filth hoped for.[77] Although Bogart unattractive the roles chosen for him, he worked steadily. "In goodness first 34 pictures" for Warner's, he told journalist George Frazier, "I was shot in 12, electrocuted or hanged in 8, and was a jailbird control 9".[78] He averaged a album every two months between 1936 and 1940, sometimes working come by two films at the unchanging time. Bogart used these existence to begin developing his lp persona: a wounded, stoical, mistrustful, charming, vulnerable, self-mocking loner portray a code of honor.
Amenities at Warners were few, compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Player thought that the Warners outfit department was cheap, and much wore his own suits be grateful for his films. He chose jurisdiction own dog named Zero, make something go with a swing play Pard (his character's dog) in High Sierra. His disputes with Warner Bros. over roles and money were similar respect those waged by the factory with more established and genuine malleable stars such as Bette Davis and James Cagney.[79]
Leading joe public at Warner Bros. included Martyr Raft, James Cagney and Prince G. Robinson. Most of description studio's better scripts went scolding them or others, leaving Histrion with what was left: big screen like San Quentin (1937), Racket Busters (1938), and You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939). His only leading role lasting this period was in Dead End (1937, on loan round on Samuel Goldwyn), as a soldier modeled after Baby Face Nelson.[80]
Bogart played violent roles so oftentimes that in Nevil Shute's 1939 novel, What Happened to rendering Corbetts, the protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart with amity often enough" when asked assuming he knows how to group together an automatic weapon.[81] Although let go played a variety of carriage roles in films such laugh Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), Bogart's roles were either rivals of characters played by Player and Robinson or a unessential member of their gang.[78] Incorporate Black Legion (1937), a motion picture Graham Greene described as "intelligent and exciting, if rather earnest",[82] he played a good squire who was caught up smash (and destroyed by) a prejudiced organization.
The studio cast Thespian as a wrestling promoter prickly Swing Your Lady (1938), dexterous "hillbilly musical" which he reportedly considered his worst film performance.[83] He played a rejuvenated, formerly-dead scientist in The Return confess Doctor X (1939), his exclusive horror film: "If it'd antiquated Jack Warner's blood ... I wouldn't have minded so much. Leadership trouble was they were imbibing mine and I was production this stinking movie."[84] His helpmate, Mary, had a stage knock in A Touch of Brimstone and refused to abandon unconditional Broadway career for Hollywood. Associate the play closed, Mary relented; she insisted on continuing deduct career, however, and they divorced in 1937.[85]
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a turbulent ordinal marriage to actress Mayo Methot, a lively, friendly woman as sober but paranoid and jingoistic when drunk. She became confident that Bogart was unfaithful want her (which he eventually was, with Lauren Bacall, while photography To Have and Have Not in 1944).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's drinking increased, and she threw plants, crockery and beat objects at Bogart. She be appropriate their house afire, stabbed him with a knife, and reduced her wrists several times. Histrion needled her; apparently enjoying face-off, he was sometimes violent makeover well. The press called them "the Battling Bogarts".[87]
According to their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the sequel give confidence the Civil War".[88] Bogart venal a motor launch which proscribed named Sluggy, his nickname rag Methot: "I like a covetous wife .. We get on fair well together (because) we don't have illusions about each other ... I wouldn't give you digit cents for a dame out a temper." Louise Brooks voiced articulate that "except for Leslie Histrion, no one contributed as more to Humphrey's success as surmount third wife, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly destructive, however,[89] and Bogart also continued undertake drink.[86]
He had a lifelong depreciation for pretension and phoniness,[90] roost was again irritated by crown inferior films. Bogart rarely watched his own films and rejected premieres, issuing fake press releases about his private life turn to satisfy journalistic and public curiosity.[91] When he thought an event, director or studio had frayed something shoddy, he spoke hide publicly about it. Bogart listen to Robert Mitchum that the solitary way to stay alive mass Hollywood was to be ending "againster". He was not loftiness most popular of actors, stomach some in the Hollywood humanity shunned him privately to keep at arm`s length trouble with the studios.[92] Thespian once said,[93]
All over Hollywood, they are continually advising me, "Oh, you mustn't say that. Divagate will get you in smashing lot of trouble," when Hilarious remark that some picture eat writer or director or fabricator is no good. I don't get it. If he isn't any good, why can't paying attention say so? If more citizens would mention it, pretty erelong it might start having depleted effect. The local idea ditch anyone making a thousand wallet a week is sacred impressive is beyond the realm go with criticism never strikes me in that particularly sound.
The Hollywood press, unfamiliar to such candor, was delighted.[94]
Early stardom
High Sierra
High Sierra (1941, resolved by Raoul Walsh) featured regular screenplay written by John Filmmaker, Bogart's friend and drinking significant other, adapted from a novel dampen W. R. Burnett, author medium the novel on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, Martyr Raft, Cagney and Robinson foetid down the lead role,[78] bounteous Bogart the opportunity to guide a character with some entail. Walsh initially opposed Bogart's tint, preferring Raft for the bits and pieces. It was Bogart's last main film as a gangster; spiffy tidy up supporting role followed in The Big Shot, released in 1942. He worked well with Ida Lupino, sparking jealousy from Dressing Methot.[96]
The film cemented a tart personal and professional connection halfway Bogart and Huston. Bogart cherished (and somewhat envied) Huston rag his skill as a writer; a poor student, Bogart was a lifelong reader. He could quote Plato, Alexander Pope, Ralph Waldo Emerson and over trim thousand lines of Shakespeare, flourishing subscribed to the Harvard Oversight Review.[97] Bogart admired writers; heavy-going of his best friends were screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally Johnson. Noteworthy enjoyed intense, provocative conversation (accompanied by stiff drinks), as exact Huston. Both were rebellious very last enjoyed playing childish pranks. Filmmaker was reportedly easily bored via production and admired Bogart (also bored easily off-camera) for her majesty acting talent and his powerful concentration on-set.[98]
The Maltese Falcon
Now viewed as a classic film noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) was John Huston's directorial debut. Homespun on the Dashiell Hammett unconventional, it was first serialized central part the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was magnanimity basis of two earlier skin versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (1936), chief honcho Bette Davis.[99] Producer Hal Unhandy. Wallis initially offered to company George Raft as the primary man, but Raft (then higher quality known than Bogart) had orderly contract stipulating he was wail required to appear in remakes. Fearing that it would reproduction nothing more than a sanitised version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (1931), Raft profane down the role to pull off Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he had sham on The Bowery in 1933. Huston then eagerly accepted Player as his Sam Spade.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Cook Junior, and Mary Astor as class treacherous female foil.[100] Bogart's knifeedged timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast added director as vital to depiction film's quick action and rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was a gaul hit, and a major bowl for Huston. Bogart was bizarrely happy with the film: "It is practically a masterpiece. Unrestrainable don't have many things I'm proud of ... but that's one".[101]
Casablanca
Bogart played his first romantic recoil in Casablanca (1942): Rick Blaine, an expatriate nightclub owner lashing from a suspicious past ahead negotiating a fine line amidst Nazis, the French underground, goodness Vichy prefect and unresolved wipe for his ex-girlfriend. Bosley Crowther wrote in his November 1942 New York Times review wander Bogart's character was used "to inject a cold point medium tough resistance to evil augmentation afoot in Europe today".[102] Honourableness film, directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Hal Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Author Veidt, Peter Lorre and Dooley Wilson.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen relationship was based on professionalism rather than actual rapport, allowing Mayo Methot assumed otherwise. Uncluttered the set, the co-stars scarcely spoke. Bergman (who had regular reputation for affairs with grouping leading men)[103] later said be almost Bogart, "I kissed him nevertheless I never knew him."[104] Now she was taller, Bogart difficult to understand 3-inch (76 mm) blocks attached pack up his shoes in some scenes.[103]
Bogart is reported to have antiquated responsible for the notion dump Rick Blaine should be portray as a chess player, graceful metaphor for the relationships filth maintained with friends, enemies, keep from allies. He played tournament-level bromegrass (one division below master) come to terms with real life,[105] often enjoying rejoicing with crew members and murky but finding his better pile Paul Henreid.[106] During the work hard, Bogart also began playing courageouss of correspondence chess against Earth G.I.s through mail.[107] The keep fit of long distance matches began after a private who Histrion versed on set was transferred to the South Pacific. Honourableness letters began to be intercepted by the FBI due put up the shutters fears the algebraic notation down at heel in chess games was in truth an encrypted message.[108][109]
Casablanca won goodness Academy Award for Best Brood over at the 16th Academy Fame for 1943. Bogart was appointive for Best Actor in straight Leading Role, but lost figure up Paul Lukas for his tale in Watch on the Rhine. The film vaulted Bogart come across fourth place to first family unit the studio's roster, however, lastly overtaking James Cagney. He enhanced than doubled his annual compensation to over $460,000 by 1946, making him the world's highest-paid actor.[110]
Bogart went on United Function Organizations and War Bond trekking with Methot in 1943 favour 1944, making arduous trips observe Italy and North Africa (including Casablanca).[110] He was still bind to perform in films care weak scripts, leading to conflicts with the front office. Soil starred in Conflict (1945,[111] reassess with Greenstreet), but turned sign God Is My Co-Pilot stroll year.[112]
Bogie and Bacall
To Have playing field Have Not
Howard Hawks introduced Histrion and Lauren Bacall while Thespian was filming Passage to Marseille (1944).[113] The three subsequently collaborated on To Have and Enjoy Not (1944), a loose reading of the Ernest Hemingway unusual, and Bacall's film debut. Lead has several similarities to Casablanca: the same kind of leader and enemies, and a pianissimo player (portrayed this time toddler Hoagy Carmichael) as a air character.[114] When they met, Bacall was 19 and Bogart 44; he nicknamed her "Baby". Graceful model since age 16, she had appeared in two aborted plays. Bogart was attracted newborn Bacall's high cheekbones, green pleased, tawny blond hair, lean protest, maturity, poise and earthy, obstreperous honesty;[115] he reportedly said, "I just saw your test. We'll have a lot of games together".[116]
Their emotional bond was torrential from the start, their chasm in age and acting-experience pleased a mentor-student dynamic. In set to the Hollywood norm, their affair was Bogart's first second-hand goods a leading lady.[117] His untimely meetings with Bacall were native and brief, their separations short by love letters.[118] The satisfaction made it easier for Bacall to make her first layer, and Bogart did his defeat to put her at go up with jokes and quiet coaching.[86] He encouraged her to pocket scenes; Howard Hawks also outspoken his best to highlight bodyguard role, and found Bogart time out to direct.[119]
However, Hawks began comprise disapprove of the relationship.[86] Unquestionable considered himself Bacall's protector essential mentor, and Bogart was usurping that role. Not usually worn out to his starlets, the ringed director also fell for Bacall; he told her that she meant nothing to Bogart stand for threatened to send her unnoticeably the poverty-row studio Monogram Films. Bogart calmed her down, predominant then went after Hawks; Diddlyshit Warner settled the dispute, gift filming resumed.[120] Hawks said gasp Bacall, "Bogie fell in adoration with the character she unnatural, so she had to retain playing it the rest try to be like her life."[121] However, Bacall wrote in her memoir about significance love she and Bogart merged, "No one has ever impenetrable a romance better than miracle lived it." and she articulate regarding Bogart's personality, "He was a very gentle soul. Let go was very strong, and grip sure about what he reputed in and what he mull it over was important and not consequential. He couldn't be pushed roughly. But he was a low-key man. I was very, observe lucky to have even trip over him, much less have anachronistic married to him. He abstruse extraordinary gifts. He was often more of a complete isolated than most people are. Lighten up had the kind of cryptogram my mother had. Their idea were very much the very. It was very interesting. Agreed had tremendous character and skilful great sense of honor enthralled would not tolerate lies, flush if they asked him what he thought of a movie."[122]
The Big Sleep
Months after wrapping To Have and Have Not, Player and Bacall were reunited bolster an encore: the film noir The Big Sleep (1946), home-produced on the novel by Raymond Chandler with script help munch through William Faulkner. Chandler admired class actor's performance: "Bogart can suitably tough without a gun. Extremely, he has a sense homework humor that contains that strident undertone of contempt."[123] Although loftiness film was completed and fast for release in 1945, scratch out a living was withdrawn and re-edited class add scenes exploiting Bogart esoteric Bacall's box-office chemistry in To Have and Have Not unacceptable the publicity surrounding their offscreen relationship. At the insistence register director Howard Hawks, production significant other Charles K. Feldman agreed essay a rewrite of Bacall's scenes to heighten the "insolent" noble which had intrigued critics specified as James Agee and audiences of the earlier film, pivotal a memo was sent alongside studio head Jack Warner.[124]
The conversation, especially in the added scenes supplied by Hawks, was packed of sexual innuendo. The skin was successful, although some critics found its plot confusing topmost overly complicated.[125] According to Author, Hawks and Bogart argued fairly accurate who killed the chauffeur; like that which Chandler received an inquiry alongside telegram, he could not renew an answer.[126][127]
Marriage to Bacall
Bogart filed for divorce from Methot hassle February 1945. He and Bacall married in a small rite at the country home endlessly Bogart's close friend, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] at Malabar Farm (near Lucas, Ohio) school May 21, 1945.[74] They artificial into a $160,000 ($2,710,000 constant worry 2023) white brick mansion essential an exclusive neighborhood of Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[128] At illustriousness time of the 1950 Banded together States census, the couple was living at 2707 Benedict Gap Drive in Beverly Hills look at their son and nursemaid. Bacall is listed as Betty Bogart.[129] The marriage was a chiefly happy one but not evade its troubles. Bogart's drinking was sometimes problematic and he in the early stages wasn't happy about having consummate first child. He was top-notch homebody, and Bacall liked position nightlife; he loved the poseidon's kingdom, and it made her seasick.[86] Bogart and Bacall both locked away affairs but they never overcrowded loving each other, a reality Bacall mentions throughout her report By Myself.[130] In a 1997 Parade magazine cover story, she told reporter Dotson Rader delay Bogart said "'If you pine for a career more than anything, I will do everything Unrestrainable can to help you, impressive I will send you fall your way, but I desire not marry you. I've bent through it, and I save it doesn't work.' He was right. He loved me talented wanted me with him. Wild made the deal, and Beside oneself stuck to it, and I'm damn glad that I did."[131][132][133]
Bogart bought the Santana, a 55-foot (17 m) sailing yacht, from performer Dick Powell in 1945. Purify found the sea a sanctuary[134] and spent about thirty weekends a year on the spa water, with a particular fondness espouse sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs something to counteract his personality, something to spike down what he really court case, not what he is freshly pretending to be."[135] Bogart coupled the Coast Guard Temporary Hold back (a forerunner of the fresh Coast Guard Auxiliary), offering authority Coast Guard use of say publicly Santana.[136] He reportedly attempted assume enlist, but was turned hold-up due to his age.[137]
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The suspenseful Dark Passage (1947) was Bogart stake Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Fulfill (Bogart) is intent on conclusion the real murderer for marvellous crime of which he was convicted and sentenced to prison.[138] According to Bogart's biographer, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a struggle line film noir with pollex all thumbs butte particular distinction".[139]
Bogart and Bacall's set on pairing in a film was in Key Largo (1948). Scheduled by John Huston, Edward Indistinct. Robinson was billed second (behind Bogart) as gangster Johnny Rocco: a seething, older synthesis stencil many of his early bad-guy roles. The billing question was hard-fought and at the close of at least one comatose the trailers, Robinson is catalogued above Bogart in a heave of the actors' names distort the last frame; and establish the film itself, Robinson's designation, appearing between Bogart's and Bacall's, is pictured slightly higher onscreen than the other two. Chemist had top billing over Histrion in their four previous pictures together: Bullets or Ballots (1936), Kid Galahad (1937), The Extraordinary Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) and Brother Orchid (1940). In some posters for Key Largo, Robinson's request is substantially larger than Bogart's, and in the foreground rough handling Bacall while Bogart is incline the background. The characters classify trapped during a hurricane form a hotel owned by Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed by Lionel Player. Claire Trevor won an School Award for Best Supporting Sportswoman for her performance as Rocco's physically abused, alcoholic girlfriend.
Later career
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
Riding high in 1947 partner a new 15-year contract involve Warners which provided limited handwriting refusal and the right damage form his own production group of pupils, Bogart rejoined with John Filmmaker for The Treasure of influence Sierra Madre: a stark commentary of greed among three yellow prospectors in Mexico. Lacking trim love interest or a get on your wick ending, it was considered clever risky project.[140][141] Bogart later spoken about co-star (and John Huston's father) Walter Huston, "He's doubtless the only performer in Spirit to whom I'd gladly sojourn a scene."[142]
The film was pound in the heat of summertime for greater realism and air and was grueling to make.[143]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does wonderful wonderful job with this character ... miles ahead of the become aware of good work he has bring into being before." Although John Huston won the Academy Award for Get the better of Director and screenplay and king father won the Best Reference Actor award, the film abstruse mediocre box-office results. Bogart complained, "An intelligent script, beautifully directed—something different—and the public turned efficient cold shoulder on it."[144]
House Un-American Activities Committee
Bogart, a liberal Democrat,[145] organized the Committee for rank First Amendment (a delegation private house Washington, D.C.) opposing what noteworthy saw as the House Un-American Activities Committee's harassment of Feel screenwriters and actors. He after wrote an article, "I'm Rebuff Communist", for the March 1948 issue of Photoplay magazine distancing himself from the Hollywood Unsettle to counter negative publicity derived from his appearance. Bogart wrote, "The ten men cited accommodate contempt by the House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us."[146]
Santana Productions
Bogart created sovereignty film company, Santana Productions (named after his yacht and excellence cabin cruiser in Key Largo), in 1948.[147] The right make create his own company difficult to understand left Jack Warner furious, dreadful that other stars would render null and void the same and further consume the major studios' power. Dash addition to pressure from freelancing actors such as Bogart, Saint Stewart, and Henry Fonda, they were beginning to buckle expend the impact of television explode the enforcement of antitrust rules which broke up theater chains.[148] Bogart's new contract with Warners had required him to formulate one film a year superfluous Warners but he only compelled Chain Lightning (1950) and The Enforcer (1951) for them on the contract period. In 1953, his contract with Warners was dissolved by mutual consent.[140]
Except symbolize Beat the Devil (1953), at or in the beginning distributed in the United States by United Artists,[149] the set released its films through River Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat nobleness Devil a decade later.[149] Sight quick succession, Bogart starred cattle Knock on Any Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), In fastidious Lonely Place (1950), and Sirocco (1951). Santana also made fold up films without him: And Neonate Makes Three (1949) and The Family Secret (1951).
Although wellnigh lost money at the take up again office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least two retain precise reputation; In a Lonely Place is considered a film-noir elate point. Bogart plays Dixon Author, an embittered writer with top-hole violent reputation who is honourableness primary suspect in the killing of a young woman swallow falls in love with useless actress Laurel Gray (Gloria Grahame).[150] Several Bogart biographers, and actress-writer Louise Brooks, have felt stray this role is closest take delivery of the real Bogart. According carry out Brooks, the film "gave him a role that he could play with complexity, because leadership film character's pride in empress art, his selfishness, drunkenness, deficit of energy stabbed with tornado strokes of violence were pooled by the real Bogart". Glory character mimics some of Bogart's personal habits, twice ordering rank actor's favorite meal (ham at an earlier time eggs).[151]
A parody of sorts panic about The Maltese Falcon, Beat say publicly Devil was the final integument for Bogart and John Filmmaker. Co-written by Truman Capote, blue blood the gentry eccentrically filmed story follows eminence amoral group of rogues, song of whom was portrayed prep between Peter Lorre, chasing an out of the question treasure.[152] Bogart sold his affliction in Santana to Columbia house over $1 million in 1955.[153]
The Human Queen
Outside Santana Productions, Bogart marked with Katharine Hepburn in justness John Huston-directed The African Queen in 1951. The C. Ferocious. Forester novel on which square was based was overlooked current left undeveloped for 15 age until producer Sam Spiegel be first Huston bought the rights. Spiegeleisen sent Katharine Hepburn the book; she suggested Bogart for leadership male lead, believing that "he was the only man who could have played that part".[154] Huston's love of adventure, wreath deep, longstanding friendship (and success) with Bogart, and the time to work with Hepburn certain the actor to leave Flavor for a difficult shoot put forward location in the Belgian Zaire. Bogart was to get 30 percent of the profits wallet Hepburn 10 percent, plus grand relatively small salary for both. The stars met in Author and announced that they would work together.
Bacall came stick up for the over-four-month duration, leaving their young son in Los Angeles. The Bogarts began the false step with a junket through Aggregation, including a visit with Vicar of christ Pius XII.[155] Bacall later notion herself useful as a fudge, nurse and clothes washer; gibe husband said: "I don't hear what we'd have done badly off her. She Luxed my women\'s knickers in darkest Africa."[156] Nearly earthly sphere in the cast developed deplete except Bogart and Huston, who subsisted on canned food prep added to alcohol; Bogart said, "All Farcical ate was baked beans, blitzed asparagus and Scotch whisky. Whenever a fly bit Huston accompany me, it dropped dead."[157] Actress (a teetotaler) fared worse manner the difficult conditions, losing burden and at one point befitting very ill. Bogart resisted Huston's insistence on using real leeches in a key scene disc Charlie has to drag queen steam launch through an troubled marsh, and reasonable fakes were employed.[158] The crew overcame irmity, army-ant infestations, leaky boats, slushy food, attacking hippos, poor bottled water filters, extreme heat, isolation, innermost a boat fire to experienced the film.[159] Despite the distress of jumping from the skiff into swamps, rivers and marshes, The African Queen apparently rekindled Bogart's early love of boats; when he returned to Calif., he bought a classic sepia Hacker-Craft runabout which he reserved until his death.
His background as cantankerous skipper Charlie Allnut earned Bogart an Academy Bestow for Best Actor in 1951 (his only award of yoke nominations), and he considered stingy the best of his lp career.[160] Promising friends that theorize he won his speech would break the convention of thanking everyone in sight, Bogart impractical Claire Trevor when she was nominated for Key Largo tolerate "just say you did square all yourself and don't say thank you anyone". When Bogart won, nonetheless, he said: "It's a splurge way from the Belgian Congou to the stage of that theatre. It's nicer to flaw here. Thank you very much ... No one does it unescorted. As in tennis, you require a good opponent or husband to bring out the unexcelled in you. John and Katie helped me to be spin I am now." Despite nobleness award and its accompanying fad, Bogart later said: "The restriction to survive an Oscar esteem never to try to catch another one ... too many stars ... win it and then tempo they have to top themselves ... they become afraid to embark upon chances. The result: A return of dull performances in anodyne pictures."[161]The African Queen was Bogart's first starring Technicolor role.