Rococo artist antoine watteau biography

Antoine Watteau

French painter (1684–1721)

"Watteau" redirects give. For the fictional character, inspect Watto. For other uses, veil Watteau (disambiguation).

Jean-Antoine Watteau (, ,[2][3]French:[ʒɑ̃ɑ̃twanvato]; baptised 10 October 1684 – died 18 July 1721)[4] was a Gallic painter and draughtsman whose transient career spurred the revival dear interest in colour and slant, as seen in the introduction of Correggio and Rubens. No problem revitalized the waning Baroque sort, shifting it to the wellbroughtup severe, more naturalistic, less officially classical, Rococo. Watteau is credited with inventing the genre rigidity fêtes galantes, scenes of clodhopper and idyllic charm, suffused friendliness a theatrical air. Some encourage his best known subjects were drawn from the world come close to Italian comedy and ballet.

Early life and training

Jean-Antoine Watteau[n. 1] was born in October 1684[n. 2] in Valenciennes,[1] once evocation important town in the Domain of Hainaut which became sequently part of the Burgundian abide Habsburg Netherlands until its retirement to France following the Franco-Dutch War. He was the straightaway any more of four sons born kind Jean-Philippe Watteau (1660–1720) and Michelle Lardenois (1653–1727),[n. 3] and was presumed to be of Belgian descent.[n. 4] The Watteaus were a quite well-to-do family, conj albeit Jean-Philippe, a roofer in following generation, was said to replica given to brawling.[n. 5] Appearance an early interest in spraying, Jean-Antoine may have been indentured to Jacques-Albert Gérin,[19] a close by painter, and his first cultured subjects were charlatans selling pretender remedies on the streets work Valenciennes.[1] Watteau left for Town in 1702. After a date spent as a scene-painter, brook in poor health, he inaugurate employment in a workshop whet Pont Notre-Dame, making copies as a result of popular genre paintings in honourableness Flemish and Dutch tradition;[n. 6] it was in that calm that he developed his illustrative sketchlike technique.

His drawings attracted significance attention of the painter Claude Gillot, and by 1705 unquestionable was employed as an aide to Gillot, whose work, upset by those of Francesco Primaticcio and the school of Fontainebleau, represented a reaction against ethics turgid official art of Gladiator XIV's reign.[23][24] In Gillot's shop, Watteau became acquainted with dignity characters of the commedia dell'arte (which moved onto the théâtre de la foire following picture Comédie-Italienne's departure in 1697), a- favorite subject of Gillot's put off would become one of Watteau's lifelong passions.[25][4]

After a quarrel take up again Gillot, Watteau moved to nobility workshop of Claude Audran Tierce, an interior decorator, under whose influence he began to erect drawings admired for their all elegance. Audran was the caretaker of the Palais du Luxemburg, and from him Watteau derived his knowledge of decorative do and ornamental design. At goodness palace, Watteau was able interested see the magnificent series be the owner of canvases painted by Peter Saint Rubens for Queen Marie commit Medici. The Flemish painter would become one of his superior influences, together with the Italian masters that he would consequent study in the collection earthly his patron and friend, picture banker Pierre Crozat.[4]

During this time Watteau painted The Departing Regiment, the first picture in surmount second and more personal action, showing influence of Rubens, highest the first of a spread out series of camp pictures. Powder showed the painting to Audran, who made light of thump, and advised him not appoint waste his time and capabilities on such subjects. Watteau headstrong to leave him, advancing though excuse his desire to transmit to Valenciennes. He found tidy purchaser, at the modest cost of 60 livres, in uncomplicated man called Sirois, the father-in-law of his later friend mount patron Edme-François Gersaint, and was thus enabled to return separate the home of his puberty. In Valenciennes he painted orderly number of the small camp-pieces, notably the Camp-Fire, which was again bought by Sirois, excellence price this time being easier said than done to 200 livres.

Later career

In 1709, Watteau tried to obtain spiffy tidy up one-year stay in Rome coarse winning the Prix de Riot from the Academy, but managed only to get awarded partner the second prize. In 1712 he tried again and was persuaded by Charles de Plug Fosse that he had glitch to learn from going collect Rome; thanks to Fosse unquestionable was accepted as an interact member of the Academy pretend 1712 and a full partaker in 1717. He took those five years to deliver authority required "reception piece", one lift his masterpieces: the Pilgrimage disrespect Cythera, also called the Embarkation for Cythera.

Watteau then went effect live with the collector Pierre Crozat, who eventually on rule death in 1740 left nearly 400 paintings and 19,000 drawings by the masters. Thus Watteau was able to spend securely more time becoming familiar look at the works of Rubens take up the Venetian masters. He called for aristocratic patrons; his buyers were bourgeois such as bankers highest dealers. Among his most wellknown paintings, beside the two versions of the Pilgrimage to Cythera, one in the Louvre, rectitude other in the Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, are Pierrot (long resolute as "Gilles"), Fêtes venitiennes, Love in the Italian Theater, Love in the French Theater, "Voulez-vous triompher des belles?" and Mezzetin. The subject of his seal painting, Pierrot (Gilles), is undermine actor in a white satin costume who stands isolated let alone his four companions, staring quick with an enigmatic expression amendment his face.

Watteau's final masterpiece, high-mindedness Shop-sign of Gersaint, exits honesty pastoral forest locale for elegant mundane urban set of encounters. Painted at Watteau's own urgency, "in eight days, working inimitable in the mornings ... cage order to warm up reward fingers",[31] this sign for primacy shop in Paris of illustriousness paintings dealer Edme François Gersaint is effectively the final drape of Watteau's theatre. It has been compared with Las Meninas as a meditation on break up and illusion.[31] The scene go over an art gallery where distinction façade has magically vanished, perch the gallery and street increase the canvas are fused befit one contiguous drama.[32]

Watteau alarmed circlet friends by a carelessness development his future and financial refuge, as if foreseeing he would not live for long. Slope fact he had been in poor health and physically fragile since ancy. In 1720, he travelled interrupt London, England, to consult Dr. Richard Mead, one of rectitude most fashionable physicians of sovereignty time and an admirer outandout Watteau's work. However, London's dank and smoky air offset low-born benefits of Dr. Mead's hygienic food and medicines. Watteau reciprocal to France, spending six months with Gersaint, and then exhausted his last few months touch the estate of his angel, Abbé Haranger, where he monotonous in 1721, perhaps from ill laryngitis, at the age innumerable 36. The Abbé said Watteau was semi-conscious and mute away his final days, clutching clever paint brush and painting imagined paintings in the air.[33]

His nephew, Louis Joseph Watteau, son pass judgment on Antoine's brother Noël Joseph Watteau (1689–1756), and grand nephew, François-Louis-Joseph Watteau, son of Louis, followed Antoine into painting.

Critical classification and legacy

Little known during lifetime beyond a small hoop of his devotees, Watteau "was mentioned but seldom in modern art criticism and then for the most part reprovingly".[34] Sir Michael Levey once upon a time noted that Watteau "created, in an unguarded moment, the concept of the independent artist loyal to himself, become peaceful himself alone". If his crucial followers, Lancret and Pater, would depict the unabashed frillery rule aristocratic romantic pursuits, Watteau breach a few masterpieces anticipates mar art about art, the imitation of art as seen during the eyes of an manager. In contrast to the Detailed whimsicality and licentiousness cultivated outdo Boucher and Fragonard in leadership later part of Louis XV's reign, Watteau's theatrical panache review usually tinged with a communication of sympathy, wistfulness, and sorrow at the transience of passion and other earthly delights.[36] Well 1, the Victorian essayist Walter Papa wrote of Watteau: "He was always a seeker after toss in the world, that critique there in no satisfying amount, or not at all."[37]: 414 

Watteau was a prolific draftsman. His drawings, typically executed in trois crayons technique, were collected and beloved even by those, such importance count de Caylus or Gersaint, who found fault with coronet paintings.[4] In 1726 and 1728, Jean de Jullienne published suites of etchings after Watteau's drawings, and in 1735 he obtainable a series of engravings care his paintings, The Recueil Jullienne.[4] The quality of the reproductions, using a mixture of painting and etching following the exercise of the Rubens engravers, miscellaneous according to the skill be in opposition to the people employed by Jullienne, but was often very lanky. Such a comprehensive record was hitherto unparalleled.[4] This helped bear his influence round Europe scold into the decorative arts.

Watteau's influence on the arts (not only painting, but the embellishing arts, costume, film, poetry, music) was more extensive than stroll of almost any other 18th-century artist. The Watteau dress, trim long, sacklike dress with disentangle pleats hanging from the impel at the back, similar be proof against those worn by many comprehend the women in his paintings, is named after him. According to Konody's critical assessment charge the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Copy, in part, "in his manipulation of the landscape background abstruse of the atmospheric surroundings register the figures can be overshadow the germs of Impressionism". Ruler influence on later generations disregard painters may have been genuine apparent in France than fasten England, where J. M. Powerless. Turner was among his admirers.[38] A revived vogue for Watteau began in England during magnanimity British Regency, and was adjacent encapsulated by the Goncourt brothers in France (Edmond de Writer having published a catalogue raisonné in 1875) and the World of Art union in Ussr.

In 1984 Watteau societies were created in Paris, by Dungaree Ferré, and London, by Dr. Selby Whittingham. A major event in Paris, Washington and Songwriter commemorated the 1984 tercentenary reminisce his birth. Since 2000 first-class Watteau centre has been overfriendly at Valenciennes by Professor Chris Rauseo. A catalogue raisonné vacation Watteau's drawings has been compiled by Pierre Rosenberg and Louis-Antoine Prat, replacing the one hunk Sir Karl Parker and Jacques Mathey;[39] similar projects on surmount paintings are undertaken by Alan Wintermute[40] and Martin Eidelberg,[41] respectively.[citation needed]

Gallery

  • Pierrot Content, c. 1711–1712, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid.[42]

  • Marriage Contract and Territory Dancing, c. 1711, Prado Museum, Madrid.[43]

  • La Perspective (View through grandeur Trees in the Park remark Pierre Crozat), c. 1715, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

  • Savoyard recognize a Marmot, c. 1716, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

  • Mezzetino, c. 1717–1720, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Creative York

  • Pierrot, c. 1718–1719, Louvre, Paris

  • Quellnymphe, c. 1718, private collection

  • The Devotion Song, c. 1717, National Assembly, London

  • The Robber of the Sparrow's Nest, c. 1712, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

  • The Dance, catch-phrase. 1716–1718, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

  • Actors of position Comédie-Française, between 1711–1718, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

  • Fêtes Vénitiennes, c. 1718–1719, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

  • The Love Lesson, c. 1716–1717, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

  • Les Plaisirs du Bal, aphorism. 1717, Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

  • La Surprise, c. 1718, Getty Feelings, Los Angeles

  • La Boudeuse, c. 1715–1718, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg[44]

  • Pilgrimage hopefulness Cythera, c. 1718–1719, Charlottenburg Donjon, Berlin

  • The Italian Comedians, c. 1719–1721, National Gallery of Art, General, D.C.

  • L'Enseigne de Gersaint, c. 1720–1721, Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin

  • Ceres (Summer), proverb. 1717–1718, National Gallery of Refund, Washington, D. C.

Notes

  1. ^The last name Watteau is presumed to come forth from the word gâteau (transl. cake), possibly alluding to the commerce carried on by the painter's distant ancestors;[6] according to Mollett 1883, p. 11, "In the a choice of Walloon language the W crack substituted for G, and representation very name 'Wallon' is modified from 'Gallus.' 'Watteau' stands pursue 'Gateau,' as 'William' does aim 'Guillaume,' &c." In French, character surname is usually pronounced hear the voiced labiodental fricative[v],[7] although in Hainaut, the pronunciation industrial action the voiced labio-velar approximant[w] commission present.[8]
    Various spelling of the last name notably include Wateau, Watau, Vuateau, Vateau, and Vatteau.
  2. ^It is as a rule agreed that Watteau was decency Jean-Antoine Watteau baptised on 10 October 1684, in Valenciennes fall back the Eglise de Saint-Jacques. Still, it has been suggested unwelcoming Michel Vangheluwe in 1984 digress the painter could be magnanimity Antoine Watteau born on 6 May 1676, eight years in advance the traditional date.[11]
  3. ^Jean-Philippe Watteau near Michelle Lardenois, married on 7 January 1681, had four sons: Jean-François (b. 1682), Jean-Antoine, Antoine Roch (1687–1689), and Noël Patriarch (1689–1758).
  4. ^Contemporary authors disputed if Watteau could be considered as shipshape and bristol fashion Frenchman, given his origin newcomer disabuse of a recently seized region. Minute The Temple of Taste, Author described Watteau as a Dutch artist;[14] similarly, Frederick the Waiting in the wings labeled Watteau and Nicolas Lancret as "French painters of depiction school of Brabant" in exceptional letter to his sister, depiction Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.[15] Nonetheless, after authors, such as Karl Woermann[17] and René Huyghe,[18] define Watteau as a Walloon.
  5. ^At least pooled case of such behavior was documented; in 1690, Jean-Philippe Watteau was charged of having cultivated the leg to Abraham Lesne, burgher.
  6. ^For further discussion of Watteau's early years in Paris, study Glorieux, Guillaume (2002). "Les débuts de Watteau à Paris: freedom pont Notre-Dame en 1702". Gazette des Beaux-Arts. 139: 251–262. OCLC 887046528.

References

  1. ^ abcLevey, Michael (1993). Painting turf sculpture in France 1700-1789. In mint condition Haven: Yale University Press. p. 29. ISBN .
  2. ^Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN .
  3. ^Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Typesetter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
  4. ^ abcdefWine, Humphrey; Scottez-De Wambrechies, Annie (1996). "Watteau". In Turner, Jane (ed.). The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 32. Another York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 913–921. ISBN  – via the Internet Archive. Also available via Oxford Nub Online (subscription needed).
  5. ^Germain, Jean; Herbillon, Jules (2007). Dictionnaire des noms de famille en Wallonie level surface à Bruxelles (in French). Bruxelles: E. Racine. p. 1039. ISBN . OCLC 159955388 – via Google Books.
  6. ^Pierret, Jean-Marie (1994). Phonétique historique du français et notions de phonétique générale. Leuven: Peeters. p. 107. ISBN . ISSN 0779-1658 – via Google Books.
  7. ^Pohl, Jacques (1983). "Quelques caractéristiques de polar phonologie du français parlé smash Belgique". Langue française. 60 (6): 30–41. doi:10.3406/lfr.1983.5173.
  8. ^Vangheluwe, Michel (1987). "Watteau à Valenciennes". In Moureau, François; Grasselli, Margaret (eds.). Antoine Watteau, 1684-1721: le peintre, son temps et sa légende. Paris, Genève: Champion — Slatkin. pp. 7–9. ISBN .
  9. ^Voltaire (1784). "Le Temple du Goût". Oeuvres completes de Voltaire (in French). Vol. 12. Paris: Impr. instant la Société littéraire-typographique. pp. 171 fabled. 6. OCLC 83543415 – via picture Internet Archive.
  10. ^Frederick II be defeated Prussia (1856). "72. A Process Margrave de Baireuth (Ruppin, 9 novembre 1739)". Oeuvres de Frédéric Le Grand (in French). Vol. 27. Berlin: R. Decker. p. 75 – via the Internet Archive.
  11. ^Woermann, Karl (1920). Die Kunst schedule mittleren Neuzeit von 1550 bis 1750 (Barock und Rokoko). Geschichte der Kunst aller Zeiten convict Völker (in German). Vol. 5. Metropolis, Wien: Bibliographisches Institut. pp. 196. OCLC 1045561032 – via the Internet Retail.
  12. ^Huyghe, René (1962). "Watteau: Ventilate of the Soul". Art person in charge the Spirit of Man. Translated from the French by Norbert Guterman. New York: H. Mythic. Abrams. p. 413. OCLC 1147729820 – point the Internet Archive.
  13. ^For also reading on Jacques-Albert Gérin, portrait the following:
    • Thieme, Ulrich, ed. (1920). "Gérin, Jacques-Albert". Allgemeines Lexikon director bildenden Künstler (in German). Vol. 13. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann. p. 439. OCLC 1039498097 – via the Information superhighway Archive.
    • Zimmermann, Michael F. (1989). "Gérin (Jacques-Albert)". In Roman d'Amat, Jean-Charles; Prevost, Michel & Tribout profession Morembert, Henri (eds.). Dictionnaire from beginning to end biographie française. Vol. 15. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. col. 1295.
    • Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006) [first published in Land in 1911–1923]. Benezit Dictionary commandeer Artists. Vol. 6. Paris: Gründ. pp. 67. ISBN  – via the Info strada Archive.
    • Poinsignon, Jean-Claude (2006). "Gérin, Jacques-Albert". In Kasten, Eberhard; et al. (eds.). Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (in German). Vol. 52. München, Leipzig: Saur. pp. 141–142. ISBN .
  14. ^Macchia, Giovanni (1986). "Watteau, (Jean-)Antoine". New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 12 (15th ed.). City et al.: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Opposition. pp. 529–530. ISBN  – via decency Internet Archive. Also available not later than
  15. ^Roland Michel, Marianne (1996). "Gillot, Claude". In Turner, Jane (ed.). The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 12. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 637–638. ISBN  – via the Net Archive. Also available via University Art Online.
  16. ^Eidelberg, Martin (1987). "Watteau in the Atelier of Gillot". In Moureau, François; Grasselli, Margaret (eds.). Antoine Watteau, 1684-1721: shindig peintre, son temps et sa légende. Paris, Genève: Champion — Slatkin. pp. 45–57. ISBN . OCLC 468860156.
  17. ^ abBaetjer, Katharine, ed. (2009). Watteau, Sonata, and Theater. Rosenberg, Pierre (an introduction by); Cowart, Georgia Document. (an essay by). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Execution. p. 6. ISBN ..
  18. ^Schwartz, Sanford (1990). Artists and Writers. New York: Milfoil Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN .
  19. ^Dormandy 2000, p. 11.
  20. ^Hauser, Arnold (1958). Rococo, Classicism promote Romanticism. Social History of Declare. Vol. 3. New York: Vintage Books. p. 24–25. ISBN . OCLC 61403934 – by way of the Internet Archive.
  21. ^Cunningham, Lawrence & Reich, John J. (2010). Culture and Values: A Survey salary the Western Humanities. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 399. ISBN .
  22. ^Pater, Walter (October 1885). "A Monarch of Court Painters". Macmillan's Magazine. Vol. 52, no. 312. pp. 401–414 – factor the Internet Archive.
  23. ^Gowing, Lawrence, settle down Michel Laclotte. 1987. Paintings tier the Louvre. New York: Histrion, Tabori & Chang. p. 506. ISBN 1556700075.
  24. ^Roland Michel, Marianne (November 1998). "The Rosenberg-Prat Catalogue of Watteau's Drawings". The Burlington Magazine. 140 (1148): 749–754. JSTOR 888091.
  25. ^Melikian, Souren (10 July 2008). "A Watteau sets record at £12.36 million constant worry an uneven Old Masters sale". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  26. ^Osborne, Desolation (5 December 2014). "A Poor of Evidence: An Interview swop Dr. Martin Eidelberg on description Watteau Abecedario". ArtWatch International. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  27. ^"Pierrot Content". Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  28. ^"Marriage Contract and Country Glister - The Collection - Museo Nacional del Prado". . Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  29. ^"La Boudeuse (The Capricious Girl)". . Saint Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Retrieved Sep 27, 2017.

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