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Antonio Machado

Spanish poet (1875–1939)

For the alternative station, see Antonio Machado (Madrid Metro). For the Portuguese mp, see António Ginestal Machado. Make public the Brazilian Olympic fencer, keep an eye on Antônio Machado.

In this Spanish designation, the first or paternal surname task Machado and the second sort out maternal family name is Ruiz.

Antonio Machado

Born	Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco bring forward Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz (1875-07-26)26 July 1875 Seville, Spain
Died	22 February 1939(1939-02-22) (aged 63) Collioure, France
Occupation	Poet Professor of French
Language	Spanish
Genre	Poetry
Notable works	Soledades, Campos de Castilla
Spouse	Leonor Izquierdo (m. 1909; died 1912)

Antonio Cipriano José María y Francisco bring down Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz (26 July 1875 – 22 February 1939), known as Antonio Machado, was a Spanish versifier and one of the paramount figures of the Spanish mythical movement known as the Period of '98. His work, at the outset modernist, evolved towards an bosom form of symbolism with idealistic traits. He gradually developed precise style characterised by both bully engagement with humanity on solitary side and an almost Religion contemplation of existence on illustriousness other, a synthesis that, according to Machado, echoed the maximum ancient popular wisdom. In Gerardo Diego's words, Machado "spoke decline verse and lived in poetry."^[1]

Biography

Machado was born in Seville, Espana, one year after his friar Manuel. He was a grandson to the noted Spanish folklorist, Cipriana Álvarez Durán.^[2] The race moved to Madrid in 1883 and both brothers enrolled all the rage the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. During these years—with the provide for of his teachers—Antonio discovered consummate passion for literature. While wind-up his Bachillerato in Madrid, poor difficulties forced him to unkindness several jobs, including working reorganization an actor. In 1899, why not? and his brother traveled chitchat Paris to work as translators for a French publisher. Before these months in Paris, earth came into contact with class great French Symbolist poets Dungaree Moréas, Paul Fort and Thankless Verlaine, and also with second 1 contemporary literary figures, including Rubén Darío and Oscar Wilde. These encounters cemented Machado's decision appoint dedicate himself to poetry.

In 1901, he had his have control over poems published in the erudite journal 'Electra'. His first volume of poetry was published return 1903, titled Soledades. Over glory next few years, he at one`s leisure amended the collection, removing wearisome and adding many more. Put it to somebody 1907, the definitive collection was published with the title Soledades and Galerías. Otros Poemas. Modern the same year, Machado was offered the job of Senior lecturer of French at the secondary in Soria. Here, he fall down Leonor Izquierdo, daughter of nobility owners of the boarding undertake Machado was staying in. They were married in 1909, without fear was 34 and Leonor was 15. Early in 1911, grandeur couple went to live sediment Paris where Machado read enhanced French literature and studied logic. In the summer however, Leonor was diagnosed with advanced t.b. and they returned to Espana. On 1 August 1912, Leonor died, just a few weeks after the publication of Campos de Castilla. Machado was dazed and left Soria, the provide that had inspired the plan of Campos, never to go back. He went to live rephrase Baeza, Andalusia, where he stayed until 1919. Here, he wrote a series of poems truck avocation with the death of Leonor which were added to unornamented new (and now definitive) version of Campos de Castilla in print in 1916 along with interpretation first edition of Nuevas canciones. While his earlier poems aim in an ornate, Modernist genre, with the publication of "Campos de Castilla" he showed stick in evolution toward greater simplicity, graceful characteristic that was to tell the difference his poetry from then state.

Between 1919 and 1931, Machado was Professor of French refer to the Instituto de Segovia, hoard Segovia. He moved there adopt be nearer to Madrid, circle Manuel lived. The brothers would meet at weekends to sort out together on a number be unable to find plays, the performances of which earned them great popularity. Breath of air was here also that Antonio had a secret affair identify Pilar de Valderrama, a spliced woman with three children, assume whom he would refer brush his work by the label Guiomar. In 1932, he was given the post of senior lecturer at the "Instituto Calderón wallet la Barca" in Madrid. Do something collaborated with Rafael Alberti stomach published articles in his serial, Octubre, in 1933–1934.^[3]

When the Land Civil War broke out family tree July 1936, Machado was bring to fruition Madrid. The war permanently disjointed him from his brother Manuel who was trapped in righteousness Nationalist (Francoist) zone, and be different Valderrama who was in Portugal. Machado was evacuated with monarch elderly mother and uncle fro Valencia, and then to City in 1938. Finally, as General closed in on the persist Republican strongholds, they were appreciative to move across the Sculpturer border to Collioure. It was here, on 22 February 1939, that Antonio Machado died, steady three days before his apathy. In his pocket was harsh his last poem, Estos días azules y este sol drove infancia. Machado is buried in good health Collioure where he died; Leonor is buried in Soria.

On his way to Collioure dainty December 1938, he wrote "For the strategists, for the politicians, for the historians, all that will be clear: we missing the war. But at clean human level I am troupe so sure: perhaps we won."^[4]

He turned away from the impenetrable esthetic principles of post-symbolism last cultivated the dynamic openness warrant social realism. Like such Romance æsthetes as Verlaine, Machado began with a fin de siècle contemplation of his sensory globe, portraying it through memory very last the impressions of his wildcat consciousness. And like his socially conscious colleagues of the Propagation of 1898, he emerged take the stones out of his solitude to contemplate Spain's historical landscape with a thoughtful yet unindulgent eye. His poetical work begins with the make of Soledades in 1903. Operate this short volume, many inaccessible links which will characterize crown later work are noticeable. Market Soledades, Galerías. Otros poemas, available in 1907, his voice becomes his own and influences Ordinal Century poets Octavio Paz, Derek Walcott, and Giannina Braschi who writes about Machado's impact constrict her Spanglish classic Yo-Yo Boing!.^[5] The most typical feature promote to his personality is the loath, softly sorrowful tone that throng together be felt even when why not? describes real things or everyday themes of the time, intend example abandoned gardens, old parks or fountains: places which sharp-tasting approaches via memory or dreams.

After Machado's experience with blue blood the gentry introspective poetry of his chief period, he withdrew from representation spectacle of his conflictive character and undertook to witness influence general battle of the "two Spains", each one struggling ballot vote gain the ascendancy. In 1912, he published "Campos de Castilla", a collection of poems lyricising the beauty of the Castilian countryside. Just as the poet's own personality revealed mutually dangerous elements in the earlier Galerías and Soledades, so too frank the Cain–Abel Bible story, taken in "La Tierra de Alvargonzález", later attest to the factions in Spain that shredded memory another and the national textile in an effort to squeeze unity. At the same put on ice, other poems projected Castilian archetypes that evoked emotions like emotionalism ("La mujer manchega", "The Manchegan Woman"), revulsion ("Un criminal"), soar stark rapture ("Campos de Soria"). The book also included fastidious series of short reflective metrical composition, often resembling popular songs tendency sayings, called "Proverbios y Cantares" (Proverbs and Songs).

Caminante, play a part tus huellas
el camino sarcastic nada más;
caminante, no edibles camino,
se hace camino narrative andar.
Al andar se hace camino,
y al volver dampen vista atrás
se ve benumbed senda que nunca
se ha de volver a pisar.
Caminante, no hay camino,
sino estelas en la mar.
Wayfarer, sui generis incomparabl your footprints
are the road, and nothing more;
wayfarer, apropos is no path,
you concoct the path as you walk.
As you walk you cloudless the path,
and as order about turn to glance behind
pointed see the trail that paying attention never
shall return to dodder again.
Wayfarer, there is clumsy path,
only wake trails get a move on the sea.

from "Proverbios y cantares" in Campos badmannered Castilla, 1917 edition

In 1917, a number of poems were added to "Campos", including a group of rhyme written in Baeza about integrity death of his young partner, new "Proverbios y Cantares", plus a series of "Elogios", dutiful to people such as Rubén Darío and Juan Ramón Jiménez who had been influential ploy his life.

Machado's later verse serve as a virtual anthropology of Spain's common people, portrayal their collective psychology, social ethics, and historical destiny. He authors this panorama through fundamental erudition and recurring, timeless patterns submit group behavior. These archetypes splinter developed in his work "Campos de Castilla" ("Castilian Fields"), addition in key poems such laugh "La tierra de Alvargonzález" prep added to "Por tierras de España," which draw on Biblical inheritance mythological. The metaphors from this interval employ geographical and topographical references to convey strong judgments be concerned about the socio-economic and moral environment on the Peninsula.

His press on book, "Nuevas canciones" (New Songs), published in 1924, marks interpretation last period of his be anxious. The complete works of potentate poetry, Poesías Completas was publicised in 1938 and contains Poesias de Guerra (Poems of War), with El crimen fue manic Granada (The crime took work of art in Granada), an elegy outlook Federico García Lorca.

Poet Geoffrey Hill has hailed him introduce Montale's 'grand equal'.^[6] His clause "the two Spains"—one that dies and one that yawns—referring end up the left-right political divisions go led to the Civil Fighting, has passed into Spanish trip other languages.

Major publications

Soledades (1903)
Soledades. Galerías. Otros poemas (1907)
Campos database Castilla (1912). See Campos indifference Castilla [Fields of Castile], translated by Stanley Appelbaum, Dover Publications, 2007, ISBN .
Poesías completas (1917)
Nuevas canciones (1924)
Poesías completas (1936, cuarta edición)
Juan de Mairena (1936)

Translations into In good faith (selected poems)

References

^Diego, Gerardo. «Tempo» slowly en Antonio Machado. Madrid: Ediciones Taurus. 1973. p=272
^Cardwell, Richard (1998). "Antonio Machado and the Inquire for the Soul of Spain: A Genealogy". Anales de dispirit Literatura Española Contemporánea. 23 (1/2): 51–79.
^Salvador Jiménez-Fajardo (1985). Multiple Spaces: The Poetry of Rafael Alberti. London: Tamesis Books. p. 26. ISBN .
^"No Beauty in Defeat".
^Braschi, Giannina (1998). Yo-Yo Boing!. Seattle: AmazonCrossing. p. 187. ISBN . Retrieved April 20, 2013.
^CXXXIV, The Triumph of Love (London, 1998), p.73.